fix(resolver): skip known ESM entries when resolving a require call

[sodatea]

Fixes #7578

Additional context

The name of #7438 test case wasn't accurate enough so I changed it in this PR.

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What is the purpose of this pull request?

• Bug fix
• New Feature
• Documentation update
• Other

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[sapphi-red]

I think this PR will also fix #7376.

[sodatea]

I didn't add esm and module-browser because I can't find any real-world use cases of them.
esnext is used by foundation-sites, es20** and fesm20** are used by Angular CLI.