diff --git a/docs/config/build-options.md b/docs/config/build-options.md
index 586f84d6b24fd0..807b0f37640f4b 100644
--- a/docs/config/build-options.md
+++ b/docs/config/build-options.md
@@ -193,3 +193,10 @@ Limit for chunk size warnings (in kbs).
 - **Default:** `null`
 
 Set to `{}` to enable rollup watcher. This is mostly used in cases that involve build-only plugins or integrations processes.
+
+::: warning Using Vite on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) 2
+
+There are cases that file system watching does not work with WSL2.
+See [`server.watch`](./server-options.md#server-watch) for more details.
+
+:::
diff --git a/docs/config/server-options.md b/docs/config/server-options.md
index 29a3582665c7a6..5092622e5d9f5e 100644
--- a/docs/config/server-options.md
+++ b/docs/config/server-options.md
@@ -169,8 +169,6 @@ The error that appears in the Browser when the fallback happens can be ignored.
 
 File system watcher options to pass on to [chokidar](https://github.com/paulmillr/chokidar#api).
 
-When running Vite on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) 2, if the project folder resides in a Windows filesystem, you'll need to set this option to `{ usePolling: true }`. This is due to [a WSL2 limitation](https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/4739) with the Windows filesystem.
-
 The Vite server watcher skips `.git/` and `node_modules/` directories by default. If you want to watch a package inside `node_modules/`, you can pass a negated glob pattern to `server.watch.ignored`. That is:
 
 ```js
@@ -188,6 +186,19 @@ export default defineConfig({
 })
 ```
 
+::: warning Using Vite on Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) 2
+
+When running Vite on WSL2, file system watching does not work when a file is edited by Windows applications (non-WSL2 process). This is due to [a WSL2 limitation](https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/4739). This also applies to running on Docker with a WSL2 backend.
+
+To fix it, you could either:
+
+- **Recommended**: Use WSL2 applications to edit your files.
+  - It is also recommended to move the project folder outside of a Windows filesystem. Accessing Windows filesystem from WSL2 is slow. Removing that overhead will improve performance.
+- Set `{ usePolling: true }`.
+  - Note that [`usePolling` leads to high CPU utilization](https://github.com/paulmillr/chokidar#performance).
+
+:::
+
 ## server.middlewareMode
 
 - **Type:** `boolean`
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts
index fffeae697abc8b..174e5a33d9169a 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/build.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ import type { PackageData } from './packages'
 import { watchPackageDataPlugin } from './packages'
 import { ensureWatchPlugin } from './plugins/ensureWatch'
 import { ESBUILD_MODULES_TARGET, VERSION } from './constants'
+import { resolveChokidarOptions } from './watch'
 
 export interface BuildOptions {
   /**
@@ -504,23 +505,17 @@ async function doBuild(
         output.push(buildOutputOptions(outputs))
       }
 
-      const watcherOptions = config.build.watch
+      const resolvedChokidarOptions = resolveChokidarOptions(
+        config.build.watch.chokidar
+      )
+
       const { watch } = await import('rollup')
       const watcher = watch({
         ...rollupOptions,
         output,
         watch: {
-          ...watcherOptions,
-          chokidar: {
-            ignoreInitial: true,
-            ignorePermissionErrors: true,
-            ...watcherOptions.chokidar,
-            ignored: [
-              '**/node_modules/**',
-              '**/.git/**',
-              ...(watcherOptions?.chokidar?.ignored || [])
-            ]
-          }
+          ...config.build.watch,
+          chokidar: resolvedChokidarOptions
         }
       })
 
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
index 98d7814e587751..ee58ca6564753c 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/server/index.ts
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ import { CLIENT_DIR } from '../constants'
 import type { Logger } from '../logger'
 import { printServerUrls } from '../logger'
 import { invalidatePackageData } from '../packages'
+import { resolveChokidarOptions } from '../watch'
 import type { PluginContainer } from './pluginContainer'
 import { createPluginContainer } from './pluginContainer'
 import type { WebSocketServer } from './ws'
@@ -300,6 +301,11 @@ export async function createServer(
   )
   const { middlewareMode } = serverConfig
 
+  const resolvedWatchOptions = resolveChokidarOptions({
+    disableGlobbing: true,
+    ...serverConfig.watch
+  })
+
   const middlewares = connect() as Connect.Server
   const httpServer = middlewareMode
     ? null
@@ -310,19 +316,10 @@ export async function createServer(
     setClientErrorHandler(httpServer, config.logger)
   }
 
-  const { ignored = [], ...watchOptions } = serverConfig.watch || {}
-  const watcher = chokidar.watch(path.resolve(root), {
-    ignored: [
-      '**/.git/**',
-      '**/node_modules/**',
-      '**/test-results/**', // Playwright
-      ...(Array.isArray(ignored) ? ignored : [ignored])
-    ],
-    ignoreInitial: true,
-    ignorePermissionErrors: true,
-    disableGlobbing: true,
-    ...watchOptions
-  }) as FSWatcher
+  const watcher = chokidar.watch(
+    path.resolve(root),
+    resolvedWatchOptions
+  ) as FSWatcher
 
   const moduleGraph: ModuleGraph = new ModuleGraph((url, ssr) =>
     container.resolveId(url, undefined, { ssr })
diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/watch.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/watch.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..378610e28f3799
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/watch.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import type { WatchOptions } from 'types/chokidar'
+
+export function resolveChokidarOptions(
+  options: WatchOptions | undefined
+): WatchOptions {
+  const { ignored = [], ...otherOptions } = options ?? {}
+
+  const resolvedWatchOptions: WatchOptions = {
+    ignored: [
+      '**/.git/**',
+      '**/node_modules/**',
+      '**/test-results/**', // Playwright
+      ...(Array.isArray(ignored) ? ignored : [ignored])
+    ],
+    ignoreInitial: true,
+    ignorePermissionErrors: true,
+    ...otherOptions
+  }
+
+  return resolvedWatchOptions
+}