id	title
ci	Continuous Integration

Playwright tests can be executed in CI environments. We have created sample configurations for common CI providers.

Introduction

3 steps to get your tests running on CI:

Ensure CI agent can run browsers: Use our Docker image in Linux agents or install your dependencies using the CLI.

Install Playwright:

# Install NPM packages
npm ci
# or
npm install

# Install Playwright browsers and dependencies
npx playwright install --with-deps

pip install playwright
playwright install --with-deps

mvn exec:java -e -Dexec.mainClass=com.microsoft.playwright.CLI -Dexec.args="install --with-deps"

pwsh bin\Debug\netX\playwright.ps1 install --with-deps

Run your tests:
```
npm test
```
```
pytest
```

CI configurations

The Command line tools can be used to install all operating system dependencies on GitHub Actions.

GitHub Actions

steps:
  - uses: actions/checkout@v2
  - uses: actions/setup-node@v2
    with:
      node-version: '14'
  - name: Install dependencies
    run: npm ci
  - name: Install Playwright
    run: npx playwright install --with-deps
  - name: Run your tests
    run: npm test
  - name: Upload test results
    if: always()
    uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
    with:
      name: playwright-report
      path: playwright-report

steps:
  - name: Set up Python
    uses: actions/setup-python@v2
    with:
      python-version: 3.8
  - name: Install dependencies
    run: |
      python -m pip install --upgrade pip
      pip install playwright
      pip install -e .
  - name: Ensure browsers are installed
    run: python -m playwright install --with-deps
  - name: Run your tests
    run: pytest

We run our tests on GitHub Actions, across a matrix of 3 platforms (Windows, Linux, macOS) and 3 browsers (Chromium, Firefox, WebKit).

GitHub Actions on deployment

This will start the tests after a GitHub Deployment went into the success state. Services like Vercel use this pattern so you can run your end-to-end tests on their deployed environment.

name: Playwright Tests
on:
  deployment_status:
jobs:
  test:
    timeout-minutes: 60
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: github.event.deployment_status.state == 'success'
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - uses: actions/setup-node@v2
      with:
        node-version: '14.x'
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: npm ci
    - name: Install Playwright
      run: npx playwright install --with-deps
    - name: Run Playwright tests
      run: npm run test:e2e
      env:
        # This might depend on your test-runner/language binding
        PLAYWRIGHT_TEST_BASE_URL: ${{ github.event.deployment_status.target_url }}

Docker

We have a pre-built Docker image which can either be used directly, or as a reference to update your existing Docker definitions.

Suggested configuration

Using --ipc=host is also recommended when using Chromium—without it Chromium can run out of memory and crash. Learn more about this option in Docker docs.
Seeing other weird errors when launching Chromium? Try running your container with docker run --cap-add=SYS_ADMIN when developing locally.
Using --init Docker flag or dumb-init is recommended to avoid special treatment for processes with PID=1. This is a common reason for zombie processes.

Azure Pipelines

For Windows or macOS agents, no additional configuration required, just install Playwright and run your tests.

For Linux agents, you can use our Docker container with Azure Pipelines support running containerized jobs. Alternatively, you can use Command line tools to install all necessary dependencies.

pool:
  vmImage: 'ubuntu-20.04'

container: mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.23.4-focal

steps:
...

CircleCI

Running Playwright on CircleCI requires the following steps:

Use the pre-built Docker image in your config like so:

docker:
  - image: mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.23.4-focal
environment:
  NODE_ENV: development # Needed if playwright is in `devDependencies`

If you’re using Playwright through Jest, then you may encounter an error spawning child processes:
```
[00:00.0]  jest args: --e2e --spec --max-workers=36
Error: spawn ENOMEM
   at ChildProcess.spawn (internal/child_process.js:394:11)
```
This is likely caused by Jest autodetecting the number of processes on the entire machine (36) rather than the number allowed to your container (2). To fix this, set jest --maxWorkers=2 in your test command.

Jenkins

Jenkins supports Docker agents for pipelines. Use the Playwright Docker image to run tests on Jenkins.

pipeline {
   agent { docker { image 'mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.23.4-focal' } }
   stages {
      stage('e2e-tests') {
         steps {
            sh 'npm install'
            sh 'npm run test'
         }
      }
   }
}

Bitbucket Pipelines

Bitbucket Pipelines can use public Docker images as build environments. To run Playwright tests on Bitbucket, use our public Docker image (see Dockerfile).

image: mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.23.4-focal

GitLab CI

To run Playwright tests on GitLab, use our public Docker image (see Dockerfile).

stages:
  - test

tests:
  stage: test
  image: mcr.microsoft.com/playwright:v1.23.4-focal
  script:
  ...

Caching browsers

By default, Playwright downloads browser binaries when the Playwright NPM package is installed. The NPM packages have a postinstall hook that downloads the browser binaries. This behavior can be customized with environment variables.

Caching browsers on CI is strictly optional: The postinstall hooks should execute and download the browser binaries on every run.

Exception: `node_modules` are cached (Node-specific)

Most CI providers cache the npm-cache directory (located at $HOME/.npm). If your CI pipelines caches the node_modules directory and you run npm install (instead of npm ci), the default configuration will not work. This is because the npm install step will find the Playwright NPM package on disk and not execute the postinstall step.

Travis CI automatically caches node_modules if your repo does not have a package-lock.json file.

This behavior can be fixed with one of the following approaches:

Move to caching $HOME/.npm or the npm-cache directory. (This is the default behavior in most CI providers.)
Set PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=0 as the environment variable before running npm install. This will download the browser binaries in the node_modules directory and cache them with the package code. See managing browser binaries.
Use npm ci (instead of npm install) which forces a clean install: by removing the existing node_modules directory. See npm docs.
Cache the browser binaries, with the steps below.

Directories to cache

With the default behavior, Playwright downloads the browser binaries in the following directories:

%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\ms-playwright on Windows
~/Library/Caches/ms-playwright on MacOS
~/.cache/ms-playwright on Linux

To cache the browser downloads between CI runs, cache this location in your CI configuration, against a hash of the Playwright version.

Debugging browser launches

Playwright supports the DEBUG environment variable to output debug logs during execution. Setting it to pw:browser* is helpful while debugging Error: Failed to launch browser errors.

DEBUG=pw:browser* npm run test

DEBUG=pw:browser* pytest

Running headed

By default, Playwright launches browsers in headless mode. This can be changed by passing a flag when the browser is launched.

// Works across chromium, firefox and webkit
const { chromium } = require('playwright');
const browser = await chromium.launch({ headless: false });

// Works across chromium, firefox and webkit
import com.microsoft.playwright.*;

public class Example {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try (Playwright playwright = Playwright.create()) {
      BrowserType chromium = playwright.chromium();
      Browser browser = chromium.launch(new BrowserType.LaunchOptions().setHeadless(false));
    }
  }
}

import asyncio
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright

async def main():
    async with async_playwright() as p:
         # Works across chromium, firefox and webkit
         browser = await p.chromium.launch(headless=False)

asyncio.run(main())

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright

with sync_playwright() as p:
   # Works across chromium, firefox and webkit
   browser = p.chromium.launch(headless=False)

using Microsoft.Playwright;

using var playwright = await Playwright.CreateAsync();
await playwright.Chromium.LaunchAsync(new BrowserTypeLaunchOptions
{
    Headless = false
});

On Linux agents, headed execution requires Xvfb to be installed. Our Docker image and GitHub Action have Xvfb pre-installed. To run browsers in headed mode with Xvfb, add xvfb-run before the Node.js command.

xvfb-run node index.js

xvfb-run python test.py

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ci.md

ci.md

Introduction

CI configurations

GitHub Actions

GitHub Actions on deployment

Docker

Azure Pipelines

CircleCI

Jenkins

Bitbucket Pipelines

GitLab CI

Caching browsers

Exception: `node_modules` are cached (Node-specific)

Directories to cache

Debugging browser launches

Running headed

Files

ci.md

Latest commit

History

ci.md

File metadata and controls

Introduction

CI configurations

GitHub Actions

GitHub Actions on deployment

Docker

Azure Pipelines

CircleCI

Jenkins

Bitbucket Pipelines

GitLab CI

Caching browsers

Exception: node_modules are cached (Node-specific)

Directories to cache

Debugging browser launches

Running headed

Exception: `node_modules` are cached (Node-specific)