CI: Add cpp caching and rust cache fixes in CI build workflows

[sieniven]

Summary

Part 2 of CI improvement, continuation from #2717.

• Add cpp caching into workflows, caching build depends, defid src build tree and ccache dir.
• Implementation of ccache into CI build workflows.
• Dev build workflow will save the cpp caches by default only on every new commit on master. The workflow will also update the stored cpp cache by overwritting existing cpp caches.
• Fixes to rust build - standardize shared-keys of rust cache to prevent duplicate caches being cached. Rust cache action keys are defaulted to generate with job name if shared-key is not specified - ref: https://github.com/Swatinem/rust-cache/blob/master/src/config.ts#L57-L72
  • Currently, multiple rust caches are being saved
• Separate rust lint cache from rust build cache
• Remove rust caching from build release and staging pipelines

Implications

• Storage

  • Database reindex required
  • Database reindex optional
  • Database reindex not required
  • None

• Consensus

  • Network upgrade required
  • Includes backward compatible changes
  • Includes consensus workarounds
  • Includes consensus refactors
  • None