[basics] add records and sorting

basics/records/.gitattributes

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+#
+# https://help.github.com/articles/dealing-with-line-endings/
+#
+# Linux start script should use lf
+/gradlew        text eol=lf
+
+# These are Windows script files and should use crlf
+*.bat           text eol=crlf
+

basics/records/.gitignore

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+# Ignore Gradle project-specific cache directory
+.gradle
+
+# Ignore Gradle build output directory
+build

basics/records/app/build.gradle

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+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * This generated file contains a sample Java application project to get you started.
+ * For more details on building Java & JVM projects, please refer to https://docs.gradle.org/8.3/userguide/building_java_projects.html in the Gradle documentation.
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+plugins {
+    // Apply the application plugin to add support for building a CLI application in Java.
+    id 'application'
+}
+
+repositories {
+    // Use Maven Central for resolving dependencies.
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    // This dependency is used by the application.
+    implementation 'com.google.guava:guava:32.1.1-jre'
+    testImplementation "org.assertj:assertj-core:3.25.0"
+}
+
+testing {
+    suites {
+        // Configure the built-in test suite
+        test {
+            // Use JUnit Jupiter test framework
+            useJUnitJupiter('5.9.3')
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Apply a specific Java toolchain to ease working on different environments.
+java {
+    toolchain {
+        languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(17)
+    }
+}
+
+application {
+    // Define the main class for the application.
+    mainClass = 'records.App'
+}

basics/records/app/src/main/java/records/App.java

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+/*
+ * This Java source file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ */
+package records;
+
+public class App {
+    public String getGreeting() {
+        return "Hello World!";
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println(new App().getGreeting());
+    }
+}

basics/records/app/src/test/java/records/AppTest.java

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+/*
+ * This Java source file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ */
+package records;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class AppTest {
+    @Test void appHasAGreeting() {
+        App classUnderTest = new App();
+        assertNotNull(classUnderTest.getGreeting(), "app should have a greeting");
+    }
+}

basics/records/app/src/test/java/records/recordTest.java

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+package records;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+// https://www.baeldung.com/java-record-keyword
+@DisplayName("#record")
+class recordTest {
+
+  @DisplayName("it should be instantiated")
+  @Test
+  void test1() {
+
+    // given
+    record Person(String name) {}
+    ;
+
+    // when
+    Person john = new Person("john");
+
+    // then
+    assertEquals(john.name(), "john");
+  }
+
+  @DisplayName("it cannot be mutated")
+  @Test
+  void test2() {
+
+    // given
+    record Person(String name) {}
+    ;
+    Person john = new Person("john");
+
+    // when
+    // Cannot assign a value to final variable 'name'
+    //      john.name = "Mary";
+
+    // then
+    assertEquals(john.name(), "john");
+  }
+
+  @DisplayName("it can be compared")
+  @Nested
+  class comparison {
+    @DisplayName("using equals")
+    @Test
+    void test3() {
+
+      // given
+      record Person(String name) {}
+      ;
+      Person johnDoe = new Person("john");
+      Person johnWayne = new Person("john");
+
+      // when
+      // then
+      assertEquals(johnDoe, johnWayne);
+    }
+
+    @DisplayName("using hasCode")
+    @Test
+    void test3b() {
+
+      // given
+      record Person(String name) {}
+      ;
+      Person johnDoe = new Person("john");
+      Person johnWayne = new Person("john");
+
+      // when
+      // then
+      assertEquals(johnDoe.hashCode(), johnWayne.hashCode());
+    }
+  }
+
+  @DisplayName("it can be serialized")
+  @Test
+  void test4() {
+
+    // given
+    record Person(String name) {}
+    ;
+    Person john = new Person("john");
+
+    // when
+    String data = john.toString();
+
+    // then
+    assertEquals(data, "Person[name=john]");
+  }
+}

basics/records/gradle.properties

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+# This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+# https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/build_environment.html#sec:gradle_configuration_properties
+
+org.gradle.parallel=true
+org.gradle.caching=true
+

basics/records/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

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+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.3-bin.zip
+networkTimeout=10000
+validateDistributionUrl=true
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

basics/records/settings.gradle

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+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * The settings file is used to specify which projects to include in your build.
+ * For more detailed information on multi-project builds, please refer to https://docs.gradle.org/8.3/userguide/building_swift_projects.html in the Gradle documentation.
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+plugins {
+    // Apply the foojay-resolver plugin to allow automatic download of JDKs
+    id 'org.gradle.toolchains.foojay-resolver-convention' version '0.4.0'
+}
+
+rootProject.name = 'record'
+include('app')

basics/sorting/.gitattributes

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+#
+# https://help.github.com/articles/dealing-with-line-endings/
+#
+# Linux start script should use lf
+/gradlew        text eol=lf
+
+# These are Windows script files and should use crlf
+*.bat           text eol=crlf
+

basics/sorting/.gitignore

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+# Ignore Gradle project-specific cache directory
+.gradle
+
+# Ignore Gradle build output directory
+build

basics/sorting/app/build.gradle.kts

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+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * This generated file contains a sample Java application project to get you started.
+ * For more details on building Java & JVM projects, please refer to https://docs.gradle.org/8.3/userguide/building_java_projects.html in the Gradle documentation.
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+plugins {
+    // Apply the application plugin to add support for building a CLI application in Java.
+    application
+}
+
+repositories {
+    // Use Maven Central for resolving dependencies.
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    // This dependency is used by the application.
+    implementation("com.google.guava:guava:32.1.1-jre")
+}
+
+testing {
+    suites {
+        // Configure the built-in test suite
+        val test by getting(JvmTestSuite::class) {
+            // Use JUnit Jupiter test framework
+            useJUnitJupiter("5.9.3")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Apply a specific Java toolchain to ease working on different environments.
+java {
+    toolchain {
+        languageVersion.set(JavaLanguageVersion.of(17))
+    }
+}
+
+application {
+    // Define the main class for the application.
+    mainClass.set("sorting.App")
+}

basics/sorting/app/src/main/java/sorting/App.java

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+/*
+ * This Java source file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ */
+package sorting;
+
+public class App {
+    public String getGreeting() {
+        return "Hello World!";
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println(new App().getGreeting());
+    }
+}

basics/sorting/app/src/test/java/sorting/AppTest.java

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+package sorting;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+class AppTest {
+
+    public class Player implements Comparable<Player> {
+        private int ranking;
+        private String name;
+        private int age;
+        public Player(int ranking, String name, int age){
+            this.ranking = ranking;
+            this.name = name;
+            this.age = age;
+        }
+        private int getRanking(){
+            return this.ranking;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(Player otherPlayer) {
+            return Integer.compare(getRanking(), otherPlayer.getRanking());
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    @DisplayName("Using Comparable interface")
+    @Test void sortByProperty() {
+        // given
+        List<Player> footballTeam = new ArrayList<>();
+        Player john = new Player(2, "John", 20);
+        Player roger = new Player(1, "Roger", 22);
+        Player steven = new Player(3, "Steven", 24);
+        footballTeam.add(john);
+        footballTeam.add(roger);
+        footballTeam.add(steven);
+
+        // when
+        Collections.sort(footballTeam);
+
+        // then
+        List<Player> expected = new ArrayList<>();
+        expected.add(roger);
+        expected.add(john);
+        expected.add(steven);
+
+        assertEquals(footballTeam, expected);
+    }
+}

basics/sorting/gradle.properties

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+# This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+# https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/build_environment.html#sec:gradle_configuration_properties
+
+org.gradle.parallel=true
+org.gradle.caching=true
+

basics/sorting/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties

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+distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+distributionPath=wrapper/dists
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.3-bin.zip
+networkTimeout=10000
+validateDistributionUrl=true
+zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
+zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

basics/sorting/settings.gradle.kts

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+/*
+ * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
+ *
+ * The settings file is used to specify which projects to include in your build.
+ * For more detailed information on multi-project builds, please refer to https://docs.gradle.org/8.3/userguide/building_swift_projects.html in the Gradle documentation.
+ * This project uses @Incubating APIs which are subject to change.
+ */
+
+plugins {
+    // Apply the foojay-resolver plugin to allow automatic download of JDKs
+    id("org.gradle.toolchains.foojay-resolver-convention") version "0.4.0"
+}
+
+rootProject.name = "sorting"
+include("app")