style: python versions must match python dependency

[Rylan12]

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Require that all strings that match pythonX.Y or python@X.Y match versions with the specified python dependency

Partially influenced by discussion at Homebrew/homebrew-core#62406 (comment)

This change should make the migration easier because brew style --fix will update python references to the new python version

CC: @iMichka and @fxcoudert

[jonchang]

Awesome stuff!

[fxcoudert]

Python 3.10 is coming, can you adjust the code to deal with it?

[Rylan12]

Python 3.10 is coming, can you adjust the code to deal with it?

Good idea. Done.