Console Setup

TODO:

1. Convert all of these into a dot file and bash setup script. (http://dotfiles.github.io/)
2. Incorporate a ZSH package manager: https://github.com/Tarrasch/antigen-hs/blob/master/README.md
3. Start using the XDG standards such as the ~/.config directory for all the config files.
4. Reinstall Ruby, Gems, RVM
5. Complete Compilation of FFMPEG
6. Download MINGW libraries, and compile to target MINGW software that is not compatible with Cygwin. (well anything that doesn't already have Windows binary version). Note that MINGW seems to compile and understand only Windows PATHs not Cygwin PATHs. (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/771756/what-is-the-difference-between-cygwin-and-mingw/792422?noredirect=1#comment45956881_792422)

Installations

• zsh
• openssh
• openssl
• wget
• curl
• git
• whois
• make
• vim
• nano
• psmisc
• procps
• ncurses
• dos2unix
• mosh
• mercurial
• binutils
• bison
• gcc (for C and C++) (get this from Cygwin setup not apt-cyg)
• autoconf
• automake
• libxml2
• libyaml
• weechat
• mkisofs
• gnupg
• GraphicsMagick
• inetutils
• inetutils-server
• nc
• socat
• pv
• utils-linux
• cygutils
• diffutils
• patch
• cmake
• libboost
• libboost-devel
• cygutils-extra
• pkg-config

Setting Home to Windows User Profile

1. In CMD:

SETX HOME %USERPROFILE%

2. Change the home directory in `/etc/passwd' so that any SSH or Telnet session will use the Windows User Profile as the home directory.

Username:...random stuff here...:/home/Username:/bin/zsh
--->
Username:...random stuff here...:/cygdrive/c/Users/Username:/bin/zsh

3. Copy over any .rc and .profile files from /home/User to %USERPROFILE%. This way you preserve your shell settings.

Setting up ZSH

Go into /etc/passwd, change the :/bin/bash to :/bin/zsh for the users that want ZSH as their default shell.

You can also edit the Cygwin.bat in the Cygwin installation directory. And change the bash --login -i to zsh -l -i

To allow Window's Paths

Run this in CMD as administrator:

SETX CYGWIN nodosfilewarning /m

This will set a global system environment variable. Cygwin will no longer complain about Window's style autocompletion of paths.

Installing apt-cyg

apt-cyg will allow you to install Cygwin packages from inside Cygwin.

This is the apt-cyg repository: https://github.com/transcode-open/apt-cyg/blob/master/apt-cyg

Install it by getting the apt-cyg binary and putting it into /bin/apt-cyg.

Then run:

chmod +x /bin/apt-cyg

Do note that when you install from cygwin-ports, the automated installer will attempt to look for dependencies. These dependencies may only exist in cygwin-main. This means often you'll need to backtrack, look for the missing dependencies and reinstall them from main first before then installing them from ports.

Add these 2 as functions for easier use:

apt-cyg-main () {
    apt-cyg mirror http://cygwin.mirror.uk.sargasso.net && apt-cyg update && apt-cyg $@
}
apt-cyg-port () {
    apt-cyg mirror ftp://ftp.cygwinports.org/pub/cygwinports && apt-cyg update && apt-cyg $@
}

Getting back the clear command

clear can be reaquired by installing ncurses.

apt-cyg install ncurses

Combining ConEmu with Cygwin

Go into the settings of ConEmu, and create 2 tasks called Cygwin and Cygwin (Admin).

In Cygwin, the command is:

C:\cygwin64\bin\mintty.exe -i /Cygwin-Terminal.ico -

In Cygwin (Admin), the command is:

C:\cygwin64\bin\mintty.exe -new_console:a -i /Cygwin-Terminal.ico -

Then go into Startup, and select Cygwin as the Specified named task so that Cygwin becomes the default task for ConEmu.

Configuring ZSH for Fun & Profit

http://zanshin.net/2013/02/02/zsh-configuration-from-the-ground-up/

Disabling Copy on Selection

First disable it in Cygwin's mouse settings which can be accessed via right click. Then disable in ConEmu's settings.

Getting sane copy & paste

On some keyboards insert doesn't exist. So you would want to get simple Ctrl + Shift + C or Ctrl + Shift + V.

To do so, in Cygwin's settings, go into the keys panel and switch on Ctrl + Shift letter shortcuts.

These become available:

Ctrl+Shift+C: Copy
Ctrl+Shift+V: Paste
Ctrl+Shift+N: New
Ctrl+Shift+Q: Close
Ctrl+Shift+R: Reset
Ctrl+Shift+D: Default size
Ctrl+Shift+F: Full screen
Ctrl+Shift+S: Flip screen

Understanding ZSH's Config File Loading Order

See: http://shreevatsa.wordpress.com/2008/03/30/zshbash-startup-files-loading-order-bashrc-zshrc-etc/

In the case of ZSH, the .zshrc is always read whether it's an interactive or login shell.

In the case of BASH, the .bash_profile is read when it's a login shell, the .bashrc is read when it's an interactive shell. Therefore put things into the .bashrc and source it from .bash_profile.

Example .zshrc file

The bottom shows what you should probably have, and we have added a snippet to start ssh-agent upon startup.

# The following lines were added by compinstall
zstyle :compinstall filename '/cygdrive/c/Users/CMCDragonkai/.zshrc'

autoload -Uz compinit
compinit
# End of lines added by compinstall
# Lines configured by zsh-newuser-install
HISTFILE=~/.histfile
HISTSIZE=1000
SAVEHIST=1000
setopt appendhistory autocd extendedglob nomatch notify
unsetopt beep
bindkey -v
# End of lines configured by zsh-newuser-install
# Custom Configuration
    # Include user's private bin, make available to sub processes
    if [ -d "${HOME}/bin" ] ; then
      export PATH="${HOME}/bin:${PATH}"
    fi
    
    # Launch ssh-agent if it's not running
    # When the shell exits, kill the ssh-agent
    # Identities are remembered for 1 hour
    # Each new terminal gets its own ssh-agent
    SSHAGENT=/usr/bin/ssh-agent
    if [ -z "$SSH_AUTH_SOCK" -a -x "$SSHAGENT" ]; then
        eval `$SSHAGENT -s -t 3600` > /dev/null
        trap "kill $SSH_AGENT_PID" 0
    fi
    # Setup some aliases
    apt-cyg-main () {
        apt-cyg mirror http://mirrors.kernel.org/sourceware/cygwin && apt-cyg $@
    }
    apt-cyg-port () {
        apt-cyg mirror ftp://ftp.cygwinports.org/pub/cygwinports && apt-cyg $@
    }
# End of Custom Configuration

Setup Pkg-Config Path

Add this:

export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig"

It's required for source compilations for some software.

Notes regarding SourceTree

You want to use SSH for SourceTree instead of HTTPS.

So when installing SourceTree, make sure to select OpenSSH as your SSH client, not Putty.

SourceTree's OpenSSH doesn't support passwords, so you need to use SSH keys.

We have 3 things to do to make SourceTree work with SSH keys:

1. Go into Tools -> Options and in the SSH Client Configuration -> SSH Key input field, put the full path to id_rsa key. This means you're using the same id_rsa for any remotes that SourceTree is managing. Which probably means both Github and Bitbucket.

2. Go into Hosted Repositories and click on Edit Accounts, and change the Preferred Protocol to SSH.

3. Make sure to always clone from SSH URLs, not HTTPS URLs.

4. Run this as administrator from Cygwin/ConEmu, change the drive path to where SourceTree is installed. This is because you're using ssh from Cygwin a unix program, which is running openssh_wrapper.sh which is file written on Windows with crlf line endings.

dos2unix /cygdrive/c/Program\ Files\ \(x86\)/Atlassian/SourceTree/tools/openssh_wrapper.sh

Setting up Git

Make sure the core.autocrlf is false, and the default line ending is lf:

git config --global core.autocrlf false
git config --global core.eol lf

Cygwin's git-core templates is stored in a different place than usual. Run this at the command line:

git config --global init.templatedir /cygdrive/c/cygwin64/usr/share/git-core/templates

Change the path to wherever the actual git-core/templates are.

This one would solve the problem of SourceTree complaining about the git templates being missing.

Also the templates folder is completely editable, edit it to your heart's content. This way any new git repositories (inited or cloned) will have these templates inside their .git folder.

Other Cygwin Programs

http://sourceware.org/cygwinports/

By using the aliases:

apt-cyg-main
apt-cyg-port

Cygwin 64bit vs 32bit

They are currently incompatible. Some packages have not been ported to 64bit. This can be problematic. Recommend installing 32bit for now if you're doing something you haven't done before. Otherwise check the 64bit packages first.

Making Cygwin Setup Executable from Commandline

Move the setup-x86_64.exe to the ~/bin. This will allow certain tools that expect to use Cygwin's setup automatically. Such as for example the RVM for Windows.

Cool Unix Tools

http://kkovacs.eu/cool-but-obscure-unix-tools

Adding Fake Sudo

Some scripts will use sudo. Now sudo doesn't exist inside Cygwin. So we're going to create a fake sudo.

In your ~/bin, add a sudo file and add this:

#!/bin/bash

"$@"

And add this alias to your .zshrc:

alias sudo='sudo '                  # allows sudo commands to use aliases

Making Sublime Text Editor executable from CLI

cd ~/bin
ln -s "path/to/subl.exe" sublime

Note that this might be changed with the subl executable.

Making System Binaries Available on PATH

Cygwin doesn't add your system binaries to PATH. To fix this, add this to your .zshrc:

# Adding sbin to PATH
export PATH="$PATH:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/sbin"

Setting up ngrok

Add this to your .zshrc after downloading and extracting ngrok into your PATH.

# ngrok, see help by doing "\ngrok --help", the "\" will run ngrok directly
hash ngrok 2>/dev/null && {
    start_ngrok () {
        cygstart powershell "ngrok $@"
    }
    alias ngrok=start_ngrok
}

Tunneling to HTTP is easy: ngrok http 80.

Tunneling to HTTPS requires an account at ngrok. Then use ngrok tls 443. Which allows you to access https://....

256 Colors

Right click on the terminal while you're inside mintty. Go into Options -> Terminal -> Type. Check whether the type is xterm or xterm-256color. If it's either, it's fine.

Then add this to your .zshrc:

export TERM=xterm-256color

Getting Clipboard Functionality

Allowing you to use putclip and getclip for copying data from commands, along with some other interesting utilities.

apt-cyg-main install cygutils-extra

Checking all Installed Packages

apt-cyg list

Changing Maximum Memory of Cygwin Programs

https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/setup-maxmem.html

I think this only applies to executables compiled for Cygwin, not MINGW.

Setting up Hidden Files in Windows

You can make your hidden files in your home directory hidden by doing:

attrib +h ".*" /s /d

That will run it on all files, directories and subdirectories that have .* as their file/folder name.

It might be more safer to do the files only using the glob, and then do the folders individually.

attrib +h ".*"

Now your dot files will actually be hidden.