feat: add --why flag for zarf dev find-images (#2309)

## Description

Add a `--why` flag for `zarf dev find-images`

## Related Issue

Fixes #2272

## Type of change

- [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
- [x] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
- [ ] Other (security config, docs update, etc)

## Checklist before merging

- [x] Test, docs, adr added or updated as needed
- [x] [Contributor Guide
Steps](https://github.com/defenseunicorns/zarf/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md#developer-workflow)
followed

---------

Signed-off-by: Vibhav Bobade <vibhav.bobde@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Wayne Starr <Racer159@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Lucas Rodriguez <lucas.rodriguez@defenseunicorns.com>
Co-authored-by: Lucas Rodriguez <lucas.rodriguez9616@gmail.com>

docs/2-the-zarf-cli/100-cli-commands/zarf_dev_find-images.md

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ zarf dev find-images [ PACKAGE ] [flags]
       --kube-version string      Override the default helm template KubeVersion when performing a package chart template
   -p, --repo-chart-path string   If git repos hold helm charts, often found with gitops tools, specify the chart path, e.g. "/" or "/chart"
       --set stringToString       Specify package variables to set on the command line (KEY=value). Note, if using a config file, this will be set by [package.create.set]. (default [])
+      --why string               Find the location of the image given as an argument and print it to the console.
 ```
 
 ## Options inherited from parent commands

src/cmd/dev.go

@@ -267,6 +267,8 @@ func init() {
 	devFindImagesCmd.Flags().StringToStringVar(&pkgConfig.CreateOpts.SetVariables, "set", v.GetStringMapString(common.VPkgCreateSet), lang.CmdDevFlagSet)
 	// allow for the override of the default helm KubeVersion
 	devFindImagesCmd.Flags().StringVar(&pkgConfig.FindImagesOpts.KubeVersionOverride, "kube-version", "", lang.CmdDevFlagKubeVersion)
+	// check which manifests are using this particular image
+	devFindImagesCmd.Flags().StringVar(&pkgConfig.FindImagesOpts.Why, "why", "", lang.CmdDevFlagFindImagesWhy)
 
 	devLintCmd.Flags().StringToStringVar(&pkgConfig.CreateOpts.SetVariables, "set", v.GetStringMapString(common.VPkgCreateSet), lang.CmdPackageCreateFlagSet)
 	devLintCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&pkgConfig.CreateOpts.Flavor, "flavor", "f", v.GetString(common.VPkgCreateFlavor), lang.CmdPackageCreateFlagFlavor)

src/config/lang/english.go

@@ -384,6 +384,7 @@ $ zarf package pull oci://ghcr.io/defenseunicorns/packages/dos-games:1.0.0 -a sk
 	CmdDevFlagRepoChartPath = `If git repos hold helm charts, often found with gitops tools, specify the chart path, e.g. "/" or "/chart"`
 	CmdDevFlagGitAccount    = "User or organization name for the git account that the repos are created under."
 	CmdDevFlagKubeVersion   = "Override the default helm template KubeVersion when performing a package chart template"
+	CmdDevFlagFindImagesWhy = "Find the location of the image given as an argument and print it to the console."
 
 	CmdDevLintShort = "Lints the given package for valid schema and recommended practices"
 	CmdDevLintLong  = "Verifies the package schema, checks if any variables won't be evaluated, and checks for unpinned images/repos/files"

src/pkg/packager/prepare.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package packager
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"github.com/goccy/go-yaml"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
@@ -37,10 +38,12 @@ type imageMap map[string]bool
 func (p *Packager) FindImages() (imgMap map[string][]string, err error) {
 	repoHelmChartPath := p.cfg.FindImagesOpts.RepoHelmChartPath
 	kubeVersionOverride := p.cfg.FindImagesOpts.KubeVersionOverride
+	whyImage := p.cfg.FindImagesOpts.Why
 
 	imagesMap := make(map[string][]string)
 	erroredCharts := []string{}
 	erroredCosignLookups := []string{}
+	whyResources := []string{}
 
 	cwd, err := os.Getwd()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -158,6 +161,15 @@ func (p *Packager) FindImages() (imgMap map[string][]string, err error) {
 			for _, image := range annotatedImages {
 				matchedImages[image] = true
 			}
+
+			// Check if the --why flag is set
+			if whyImage != "" {
+				whyResourcesChart, err := findWhyResources(yamls, whyImage, component.Name, chart.Name, true)
+				if err != nil {
+					message.WarnErrf(err, "Error finding why resources for chart %s: %s", chart.Name, err.Error())
+				}
+				whyResources = append(whyResources, whyResourcesChart...)
+			}
 		}
 
 		for _, manifest := range component.Manifests {
@@ -193,6 +205,15 @@ func (p *Packager) FindImages() (imgMap map[string][]string, err error) {
 				message.Debugf("%s", contentString)
 				yamls, _ := utils.SplitYAML(contents)
 				resources = append(resources, yamls...)
+
+				// Check if the --why flag is set and if it is process the manifests
+				if whyImage != "" {
+					whyResourcesManifest, err := findWhyResources(yamls, whyImage, component.Name, manifest.Name, false)
+					if err != nil {
+						message.WarnErrf(err, "Error finding why resources for manifest %s: %s", manifest.Name, err.Error())
+					}
+					whyResources = append(whyResources, whyResourcesManifest...)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -268,6 +289,13 @@ func (p *Packager) FindImages() (imgMap map[string][]string, err error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	if whyImage != "" {
+		if len(whyResources) == 0 {
+			message.Warnf("image %q not found in any charts or manifests", whyImage)
+		}
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
 	fmt.Println(componentDefinition)
 
 	// Return to the original working directory
@@ -356,6 +384,27 @@ func (p *Packager) processUnstructuredImages(resource *unstructured.Unstructured
 	return matchedImages, maybeImages, nil
 }
 
+func findWhyResources(resources []*unstructured.Unstructured, whyImage, componentName, resourceName string, isChart bool) ([]string, error) {
+	foundWhyResources := []string{}
+	for _, resource := range resources {
+		bytes, err := yaml.Marshal(resource.Object)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		yaml := string(bytes)
+		resourceTypeKey := "manifest"
+		if isChart {
+			resourceTypeKey = "chart"
+		}
+
+		if strings.Contains(yaml, whyImage) {
+			fmt.Printf("component: %s\n%s: %s\nresource:\n\n%s\n", componentName, resourceTypeKey, resourceName, yaml)
+			foundWhyResources = append(foundWhyResources, resourceName)
+		}
+	}
+	return foundWhyResources, nil
+}
+
 // BuildImageMap looks for init container, ephemeral and regular container images.
 func buildImageMap(images imageMap, pod corev1.PodSpec) imageMap {
 	for _, container := range pod.InitContainers {

src/test/e2e/13_find_images_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package test
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestFindImages(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Log("E2E: Find Images")
+
+	t.Run("zarf test find images success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Log("E2E: Test Find Images")
+
+		testPackagePath := filepath.Join("examples", "dos-games")
+		expectedOutput, err := os.ReadFile("src/test/packages/13-find-images/dos-games-find-images-expected.txt")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		stdout, _, err := e2e.Zarf("dev", "find-images", testPackagePath)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Contains(t, stdout, string(expectedOutput))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("zarf test find images --why  w/ helm chart success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Log("E2E: Test Find Images against a helm chart with why flag")
+
+		testPackagePath := filepath.Join("examples", "wordpress")
+		expectedOutput, err := os.ReadFile("src/test/packages/13-find-images/helm-charts-find-images-why-expected.txt")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		stdout, _, err := e2e.Zarf("dev", "find-images", testPackagePath, "--why", "docker.io/bitnami/apache-exporter:0.13.3-debian-11-r2")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Contains(t, stdout, string(expectedOutput))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("zarf test find images --why w/  manifests success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Log("E2E: Test Find Images against manifests with why flag")
+
+		testPackagePath := filepath.Join("examples", "manifests")
+		expectedOutput, err := os.ReadFile("src/test/packages/13-find-images/manifests-find-images-why-expected.txt")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		stdout, _, err := e2e.Zarf("dev", "find-images", testPackagePath, "--why", "httpd:alpine3.18")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		require.Contains(t, stdout, string(expectedOutput))
+	})
+
+}

src/test/packages/13-find-images/dos-games-find-images-expected.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+components:
+
+  - name: baseline
+    images:
+      - defenseunicorns/zarf-game:multi-tile-dark
+      # Cosign artifacts for images - dos-games - baseline
+      - index.docker.io/defenseunicorns/zarf-game:sha256-0b694ca1c33afae97b7471488e07968599f1d2470c629f76af67145ca64428af.sig

src/test/packages/13-find-images/helm-charts-find-images-why-expected.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+component: wordpress
+chart: wordpress
+resource:
+
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    app.kubernetes.io/instance: wordpress
+    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
+    app.kubernetes.io/name: wordpress
+    helm.sh/chart: wordpress-16.0.4
+  name: wordpress
+  namespace: wordpress
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app.kubernetes.io/instance: wordpress
+      app.kubernetes.io/name: wordpress
+  strategy:
+    type: RollingUpdate
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      annotations: null
+      labels:
+        app.kubernetes.io/instance: wordpress
+        app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: Helm
+        app.kubernetes.io/name: wordpress
+        helm.sh/chart: wordpress-16.0.4
+    spec:
+      affinity:
+        nodeAffinity: null
+        podAffinity: null
+        podAntiAffinity:
+          preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
+          - podAffinityTerm:
+              labelSelector:
+                matchLabels:
+                  app.kubernetes.io/instance: wordpress
+                  app.kubernetes.io/name: wordpress
+              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
+            weight: 1
+      containers:
+      - env:
+        - name: BITNAMI_DEBUG
+          value: "false"
+        - name: ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD
+          value: "yes"
+        - name: MARIADB_HOST
+          value: wordpress-mariadb
+        - name: MARIADB_PORT_NUMBER
+          value: "3306"
+        - name: WORDPRESS_DATABASE_NAME
+          value: bitnami_wordpress
+        - name: WORDPRESS_DATABASE_USER
+          value: bn_wordpress
+        - name: WORDPRESS_DATABASE_PASSWORD
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              key: mariadb-password
+              name: wordpress-mariadb
+        - name: WORDPRESS_USERNAME
+          value: null
+        - name: WORDPRESS_PASSWORD
+          valueFrom:
+            secretKeyRef:
+              key: wordpress-password
+              name: wordpress
+        - name: WORDPRESS_EMAIL
+          value: null
+        - name: WORDPRESS_FIRST_NAME
+          value: null
+        - name: WORDPRESS_LAST_NAME
+          value: null
+        - name: WORDPRESS_HTACCESS_OVERRIDE_NONE
+          value: "no"
+        - name: WORDPRESS_ENABLE_HTACCESS_PERSISTENCE
+          value: "no"
+        - name: WORDPRESS_BLOG_NAME
+          value: null
+        - name: WORDPRESS_SKIP_BOOTSTRAP
+          value: "no"
+        - name: WORDPRESS_TABLE_PREFIX
+          value: wp_
+        - name: WORDPRESS_SCHEME
+          value: http
+        - name: WORDPRESS_EXTRA_WP_CONFIG_CONTENT
+          value: ""
+        - name: WORDPRESS_PLUGINS
+          value: none
+        - name: APACHE_HTTP_PORT_NUMBER
+          value: "8080"
+        - name: APACHE_HTTPS_PORT_NUMBER
+          value: "8443"
+        envFrom: null
+        image: docker.io/bitnami/wordpress:6.2.0-debian-11-r18
+        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+        livenessProbe:
+          failureThreshold: 6
+          httpGet:
+            httpHeaders: []
+            path: /wp-admin/install.php
+            port: http
+            scheme: HTTP
+          initialDelaySeconds: 120
+          periodSeconds: 10
+          successThreshold: 1
+          timeoutSeconds: 5
+        name: wordpress
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 8080
+          name: http
+        - containerPort: 8443
+          name: https
+        readinessProbe:
+          failureThreshold: 6
+          httpGet:
+            httpHeaders: []
+            path: /wp-login.php
+            port: http
+            scheme: HTTP
+          initialDelaySeconds: 30
+          periodSeconds: 10
+          successThreshold: 1
+          timeoutSeconds: 5
+        resources:
+          limits: {}
+          requests:
+            cpu: 300m
+            memory: 512Mi
+        securityContext:
+          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+          capabilities:
+            drop:
+            - ALL
+          runAsNonRoot: true
+          runAsUser: 1001
+        volumeMounts:
+        - mountPath: /bitnami/wordpress
+          name: wordpress-data
+          subPath: wordpress
+      - command:
+        - /bin/apache_exporter
+        - --scrape_uri
+        - http://status.localhost:8080/server-status/?auto
+        image: docker.io/bitnami/apache-exporter:0.13.3-debian-11-r2
+        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
+        livenessProbe:
+          failureThreshold: 3
+          httpGet:
+            path: /metrics
+            port: metrics
+          initialDelaySeconds: 15
+          periodSeconds: 10
+          successThreshold: 1
+          timeoutSeconds: 5
+        name: metrics
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 9117
+          name: metrics
+        readinessProbe:
+          failureThreshold: 3
+          httpGet:
+            path: /metrics
+            port: metrics
+          initialDelaySeconds: 5
+          periodSeconds: 10
+          successThreshold: 1
+          timeoutSeconds: 3
+        resources:
+          limits: {}
+          requests: {}
+      hostAliases:
+      - hostnames:
+        - status.localhost
+        ip: 127.0.0.1
+      securityContext:
+        fsGroup: 1001
+        seccompProfile:
+          type: RuntimeDefault
+      serviceAccountName: default
+      volumes:
+      - name: wordpress-data
+        persistentVolumeClaim:
+          claimName: wordpress
+

src/test/packages/13-find-images/manifests-find-images-why-expected.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+component: httpd-local
+manifest: simple-httpd-deployment
+resource:
+
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: Deployment
+metadata:
+  name: httpd-deployment
+spec:
+  replicas: 2
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: httpd
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: httpd
+    spec:
+      containers:
+      - image: httpd:alpine3.18
+        name: httpd
+        ports:
+        - containerPort: 80
+

src/types/runtime.go

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ type ZarfInspectOptions struct {
 type ZarfFindImagesOptions struct {
 	RepoHelmChartPath   string `json:"repoHelmChartPath" jsonschema:"description=Path to the helm chart directory"`
 	KubeVersionOverride string `json:"kubeVersionOverride" jsonschema:"description=Kubernetes version to use for the helm chart"`
+	Why                 string `json:"why" jsonschema:"description=Find the location of the image given as an argument and print it to the console."`
 }
 
 // ZarfDeployOptions tracks the user-defined preferences during a package deploy.