Refactor codec to TS generation for fine grained customization

[CarsonF]

• Moved $.parseQuery -> Client.parse. This feels better as it doesn't have to assume as much regarding client pool, options, or session.
  Perhaps a name like $parse or parse$ would be desired though?
• Added $.util.parseCardinality as a standard way to convert from the protocol number cardinality to the string enum used by the query builder.
  Happy to move it where ever.
• parse returns a string enum Cardinality now rather than the protocol one.
  This was the only spot the protocol cardinality leaked into type gen and it felt inconsistent in my (advanced) usage.
• Along those lines I removed the hardcoded protocol cardinality constants the codecs were using in favor of the cardinality enum.

And then the big refactor of walkCodec, now generateTSTypeFromCodec.
I broke down the logic for how to generate each codec into their own functions.
Now generateTSTypeFromCodec just orchestrates calling these methods (optionally customized via input map).

[scotttrinh]

Love the refactor of walkCodec here, and moving the Cardinality parsing to the edge to avoid leaking the number constants is a nice touch, too. 💯