New: no-loss-of-precision (fixes #11279)

docs/rules/no-loss-of-precision.md

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Disallow Number Literals That Lose Precision (no-loss-of-precision)
+
+This rule would disallow the use of number literals that immediately lose precision at runtime when converted to a JS `Number` due to 64-bit floating-point rounding.
+
+## Rule Details
+
+In JS, `Number`s are stored as double-precision floating-point numbers according to the [IEEE 754 standard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754). Because of this, numbers can only retain accuracy up to a certain amount of digits. If the programmer enters additional digits, those digits will be lost in the conversion to the `Number` type and will result in unexpected behavior.
+
+Examples of **incorrect** code for this rule:
+
+```js
+/*eslint no-loss-of-precision: "error"*/
+
+const x = 9007199254740993
+const x = 5123000000000000000000000000001
+const x = 1230000000000000000000000.0
+const x = .1230000000000000000000000
+const x = 0X20000000000001
+```
+
+Examples of **correct** code for this rule:
+
+```js
+/*eslint no-loss-of-precision: "error"*/
+
+const x = 12345
+const x = 123.456
+const x = 123e34
+const x = 12300000000000000000000000
+const x = 0x1FFFFFFFFFFFFF
+const x = 9007199254740991
+```

lib/rules/index.js

@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ module.exports = new LazyLoadingRuleMap(Object.entries({
     "no-lone-blocks": () => require("./no-lone-blocks"),
     "no-lonely-if": () => require("./no-lonely-if"),
     "no-loop-func": () => require("./no-loop-func"),
+    "no-loss-of-precision": () => require("./no-loss-of-precision"),
     "no-magic-numbers": () => require("./no-magic-numbers"),
     "no-misleading-character-class": () => require("./no-misleading-character-class"),
     "no-mixed-operators": () => require("./no-mixed-operators"),

lib/rules/no-loss-of-precision.js

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Rule to flag numbers that will lose significant figure precision at runtime
+ * @author Jacob Moore
+ */
+
+"use strict";
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Rule Definition
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+module.exports = {
+    meta: {
+        type: "problem",
+
+        docs: {
+            description: "disallow literal numbers that lose precision",
+            category: "Possible Errors",
+            recommended: false,
+            url: "https://eslint.org/docs/rules/no-loss-of-precision"
+        },
+        schema: [],
+        messages: {
+            noLossOfPrecision: "This number literal will lose precision at runtime."
+        }
+    },
+
+    create(context) {
+
+        /**
+         * Returns whether the node is number literal
+         * @param {Node} node the node literal being evaluated
+         * @returns {boolean} true if the node is a number literal
+         */
+        function isNumber(node) {
+            return typeof node.value === "number";
+        }
+
+
+        /**
+         * Returns whether the string only contains octal digits
+         * @param {string} rawString the string representation of the number being evaluated
+         * @returns {boolean} true if the string contains only octal digits
+         */
+        function isOctalDigitsOnly(rawString) {
+            return rawString.split().every(digit => parseInt(digit, 10) < 8);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Checks whether the number is not base ten
+         * @param {ASTNode} node the node being evaluated
+         * @returns {boolean} true if the node is not in base ten
+         */
+        function isNotBaseTen(node) {
+            const prefixes = ["0x", "0X", "0b", "0B", "0o", "0O"];
+
+            return prefixes.some(prefix => node.raw.startsWith(prefix)) ||
+            (node.raw.startsWith("0") &&
+            !node.raw.startsWith("0e") &&
+            !node.raw.startsWith("0.") &&
+            isOctalDigitsOnly(node.raw));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Checks that the user-intended non-base ten number equals the actual number after is has been converted to the Number type
+         * @param {Node} node the node being evaluated
+         * @returns {boolean} true if they do not match
+         */
+        function notBaseTenLosesPrecision(node) {
+            const rawString = node.raw.toUpperCase();
+            let base = 0;
+
+            if (rawString.startsWith("0B")) {
+                base = 2;
+            } else if (rawString.startsWith("0X")) {
+                base = 16;
+            } else {
+                base = 8;
+            }
+
+            return !rawString.endsWith(node.value.toString(base).toUpperCase());
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Adds a decimal point to the numeric string at index 1
+         * @param {string} stringNumber the numeric string without any decimal point
+         * @returns {string} the numeric string with a decimal point in the proper place
+         */
+        function addDecimalPointToNumber(stringNumber) {
+            return `${stringNumber.slice(0, 1)}.${stringNumber.slice(1)}`;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the number stripped of leading zeros
+         * @param {string} numberAsString the string representation of the number
+         * @returns {string} the stripped string
+         */
+        function removeLeadingZeros(numberAsString) {
+            return numberAsString.replace(/^0*/u, "");
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the number stripped of trailing zeros
+         * @param {string} numberAsString the string representation of the number
+         * @returns {string} the stripped string
+         */
+        function removeTrailingZeros(numberAsString) {
+            return numberAsString.replace(/0*$/u, "");
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Converts an integer to to an object containing the the integer's coefficient and order of magnitude
+         * @param {string} stringInteger the string representation of the integer being converted
+         * @returns {Object} the object containing the the integer's coefficient and order of magnitude
+         */
+        function normalizeInteger(stringInteger) {
+            const significantDigits = removeTrailingZeros(removeLeadingZeros(stringInteger));
+
+            return {
+                magnitude: stringInteger.startsWith("0") ? stringInteger.length - 2 : stringInteger.length - 1,
+                coefficient: addDecimalPointToNumber(significantDigits)
+            };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         *
+         * Converts a float to to an object containing the the floats's coefficient and order of magnitude
+         * @param {string} stringFloat the string representation of the floate being converted
+         * @returns {Object} the object containing the the integer's coefficient and order of magnitude
+         */
+        function normalizeFloat(stringFloat) {
+            const trimmedFloat = removeLeadingZeros(stringFloat);
+
+            if (trimmedFloat.startsWith(".")) {
+                const decimalDigits = trimmedFloat.split(".").pop();
+                const significantDigits = removeLeadingZeros(decimalDigits);
+
+                return {
+                    magnitude: significantDigits.length - decimalDigits.length - 1,
+                    coefficient: addDecimalPointToNumber(significantDigits)
+                };
+
+            }
+            return {
+                magnitude: trimmedFloat.indexOf(".") - 1,
+                coefficient: addDecimalPointToNumber(trimmedFloat.replace(".", ""))
+
+            };
+        }
+
+
+        /**
+         * Converts a base ten number to proper scientific notation
+         * @param {string} stringNumber the string representation of the base ten number to be converted
+         * @returns {string} the number converted to scientific notation
+         */
+        function convertNumberToScientificNotation(stringNumber) {
+            const splitNumber = stringNumber.replace("E", "e").split("e");
+            const originalCoefficient = splitNumber[0];
+            const normalizedNumber = stringNumber.includes(".") ? normalizeFloat(originalCoefficient)
+                : normalizeInteger(originalCoefficient);
+            const normalizedCoefficient = normalizedNumber.coefficient;
+            const magnitude = splitNumber.length > 1 ? (parseInt(splitNumber[1], 10) + normalizedNumber.magnitude)
+                : normalizedNumber.magnitude;
+
+            return `${normalizedCoefficient}e${magnitude}`;
+
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Checks that the user-intended base ten number equals the actual number after is has been converted to the Number type
+         * @param {Node} node the node being evaluated
+         * @returns {boolean} true if they do not match
+         */
+        function baseTenLosesPrecision(node) {
+            const normalizedRawNumber = convertNumberToScientificNotation(node.raw);
+            const requestedPrecision = normalizedRawNumber.split("e")[0].replace(".", "").length;
+
+            if (requestedPrecision > 100) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            const storedNumber = node.value.toPrecision(requestedPrecision);
+            const normalizedStoredNumber = convertNumberToScientificNotation(storedNumber);
+
+            return normalizedRawNumber !== normalizedStoredNumber;
+        }
+
+
+        /**
+         * Checks that the user-intended number equals the actual number after is has been converted to the Number type
+         * @param {Node} node the node being evaluated
+         * @returns {boolean} true if they do not match
+         */
+        function losesPrecision(node) {
+            return isNotBaseTen(node) ? notBaseTenLosesPrecision(node) : baseTenLosesPrecision(node);
+        }
+
+
+        return {
+            Literal(node) {
+                if (node.value && isNumber(node) && losesPrecision(node)) {
+                    context.report({
+                        messageId: "noLossOfPrecision",
+                        node
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+};