EZTest

An easy to use and lightweight unit test framework for C/C++ on Linux exported as a single header file eztest.h

The API is made to mostly match GoogleTest. For some projects it can be a drop-in replacements, for others it won't work.

The key selling point, and primary motivating factor for writing EZTest, is that it will work out of the box with -fsanitizer=memory, as opposed to GoogleTest which requires re-building from source along with an -fsanitizer=memory enabled libc++ to work.

• 1. Overview and Motivation
• 2. Installation
  • 2.1. Installing Using CMake
  • 2.2. Installing As Submodule
  • 2.3. Advanced Installation
• 3. Usage
  • 3.1. Namespacing
  • 3.2. Running Tests
  • 3.3. Test Setup
  • 3.4. Asserts and Expects
  • 3.5. Printing On Failure
  • 3.6. Disabling Tests
  • 3.7. Difference From GoogleTest
• 4. Advanced Usage and Toggles
  • 4.1. Behavioral Toggles
  • 4.2. Compilation Toggles
• 5. System Requirements
  • 5.1. Operating System
  • 5.2. Compiler
  • 5.3. Language
  • 5.4. Architecture
• 6. Developer Info
  • 6.1. EZTest Source
  • 6.2. EZTest Header Generation
  • 6.3. Internal Testing of EZTest

1. Overview and Motivation

The general motivating factor for EZTest is to be an alternative to GoogleTest with a few important distinguishing characteristics.

1. EZTest tests do not link against the C++ runtime library (libc++.so/libstdc++.so). This makes compiling the tests with -fsanitizer=memory trivial.
2. EZTest runs each test as its own process (using fork). This allows for signal handling of buggy tests with clear error messages. Further it isolates tests from one another preventing potential corruption carrying over from one test to another.
3. EZTest is packages as just a single header file and requires no extra link/compilation steps to get working.

2. Installation

The default installation location is /usr/local.

Keep in mind, the only file necessary to get started is eztest.h, so feel free to just copy and include it as you see fit.

2.1. Installing Using CMake

Clone the repository and run these commands in the cloned folder:

mkdir build && cd build
cmake .. # Use -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=<your_path> to control the destination
cmake --build . --target install

Then to use the installed library, add the following to your cmake project:

find_package(eztest REQUIRED)
target_link_libraries(your_test_target eztest::eztest)

2.2. Installing As Submodule

Clone the repository and add the following to your cmake project

add_subdirectory(path/to/your/cloned/eztest)
target_link_libraries(your_test_target eztest)

2.3. Advanced Installation

There are several toggles for modify how the eztest.h is generated/installed.

These include

option(
  EZTEST_ULP_PRECISION
  "Int: Set float/double compare ULP bound"
  OFF)
option(
  EZTEST_FLOAT_ULP_PRECISION
  "Int: Set float compare ULP bound"
  OFF)
option(
  EZTEST_DOUBLE_ULP_PRECISION
  "Int: Set double compare ULP bound"
  OFF)
option(
  EZTEST_DISABLE_WARNINGS
  "Bool: Set/unset to configure whether warnings are supressed with pragmas"
  OFF)
option(
  EZTEST_DISABLE_LINTS
  "Bool: Set/unset to configure whether lints are supressed with comments"
  OFF)
option(
  EZTEST_STRICT_NAMESPACE
  "Bool: Set/unset to configure whether generic TEST/ASSERT/EXPECT macros are defined"
  OFF)

and can be set during the installation setup. All of these other than EZTEST_DISABLE_LINTS have corresponding macros (see 4. Advanced Usage and Toggles). The EZTEST_DISABLE_LINTS option will determine whether /* NOLINT* */ directives are transferred from the source code to the header during generation. If you want to ensure certain code characteristics using clang-tidy including in the EZTest header, set -DEZTEST_DISABLE_LINTS=ON during installation.

3. Usage

The API is similiar to that of GoogleTest but there are some key distinction.

3.1. Namespacing

All symbols and macros defined in eztest.h are prefixed eztest or EZTEST. Furthermore if compiling with C++ all symbols are inside the eztest:: namespace. Assuming your code has no symbols/macros begining with eztest or EZTEST and/or no symbols in the eztest:: namespace, there should be no symbol conflicts when using EZTest.

3.2. Running Tests

1. Include eztest.h in your test file
2. Build your test executable
3. Run the resulting executable.

For example take the following test.cc

/* eztest.h contains `main`.  */
#include "eztest/eztest.h"

TEST(foo, bar) {
    ASSERT_EQ(0, 0);
}

To run the test(s) we would do the following:

clang++ test.cc -O3 -o test
./test

3.3. Test Setup

Tests are created with the following macros:

• TEST(suite, name)
• TEST_TIMED(suite, name, timeout_in_milliseconds)

The usage is identical to GoogleTest i.e:

TEST(my_suite, my_test) {
   /* Test code goes here... */
}

3.4. Asserts and Expects

There are assertions / expect statements a variety of different checks. The difference between an ASSERT check and EXPECT check, is that if an ASSERT check fails, the test will end immediately. Alternatively if an EXPECT check fails, the test will continue running but will fail on termination.

• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_TRUE(arg:bool)
  • Checks the arg is true
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_FALSE(arg:bool)
  • Checks the arg is false
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_EQ(lhs:anyT, rhs:anyT)
  • Checks that lhs == rhs
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NE(lhs:anyT, rhs:anyT)
  • Checks that lhs != rhs
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LE(lhs:anyT, rhs:anyT)
  • Checks that lhs <= rhs
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_LT(lhs:anyT, rhs:anyT)
  • Checks that lhs < rhs
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GE(lhs:anyT, rhs:anyT)
  • Checks that lhs >= rhs
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_GT(lhs:anyT, rhs:anyT)
  • Checks that lhs > rhs
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STREQ(lhs:str, rhs:str)
  • Checks that strcmp(lhs, rhs) == 0
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRNE(lhs:str, rhs:str)
  • Checks that strcmp(lhs, rhs) != 0
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASEEQ(lhs:str, rhs:str)
  • Checks that strcasecmp(lhs, rhs) == 0
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_STRCASENE(lhs:str, rhs:str)
  • Checks that strcasecmp(lhs, rhs) != 0
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_FLOAT_EQ(lhs:float, rhs:float)
  • Checks that ULP_difference(lhs, rhs) < Threshold
    • See more on ULP.
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_DOUBLE_EQ(lhs:double, rhs:double)
  • Checks that ULP_difference(lhs, rhs) < Threshold
• {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NEAR(lhs:fp, rhs:fp, bound:fp)
  • Checks that abs(lhs - rhs) <= bound

In the above:

• bool is an type that supports the ! operator.
• anyT is any type that the specified operator is valid for.
• str is one of the following:
  • char *
  • std::string (if using C++)
  • std::string_view (if using C++17 or newer)
• fp is one of the following:
  • float
  • double

3.5. Printing On Failure

Failure messages that print the variables exist in the following cases:

• You are using C++
• You are using C11 or newer with a compiler that supports the __typeof__ extension.

Otherwise, the failure message will only indicate the line number / variables names that failed.

In additional to default failure messages, you can also optionally include printf as optional additional arguments to any ASSERT/EXPECT macro that will be printed only on failure. For example:

/* int a, b, c; */
int d = a + b;
ASSERT_EQ(c, d, "Something something %d + %d\n", a, b);

3.6. Disabling Tests

Tests can be disabled from running (but still built) by prefixing the test name with DISABLED_.

This behaves exactly the same as GoogleTest.

3.7. Difference From GoogleTest

There are several key distinctions between the EZTest API and that of GoogleTest.

In no particularly the notable differences are:

*Support/fix is planned.

1. *The following macros are unimplemented in EZTest:

   • TEST_F
   • TEST_P
   • SCOPED_TRACE
   • {ASSERT|EXPECT}_THROW
   • {ASSERT|EXPECT}_ANY_THROW
   • {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_THROW
   • {ASSERT|EXPECT}_NO_FATAL_FAILURE
   • {ASSERT|EXPECT}_PRED1
   • {ASSERT|EXPECT}_PRED2
   • {ASSERT|EXPECT}_PRED3
   • {ASSERT|EXPECT}_PRED4
   • {ASSERT|EXPECT}_PRED5

2. There is no test Fixture to inherit from in EZTest.

3. EZTest uses C-style printing as opposed to C++-style operator << printing.

4. *There are no DeathTests in EZTest.

5. *There is an environment variable / commandline support in EZTest. This is relevant to

   • Test filtering.
   • Test repeating
   • Test shuffling
   • Test listing
   • etc...

6. *There are no toggles for modify test printouts in EZTest.

7. *There is no support for generating an XML/JSON files for the test results in EZTest.

8. *There are slight differences in the printout format.

9. *No global variables for changing behavior

   • Instead there are some macros.

4. Advanced Usage and Toggles

There are some macros that can be defined which will change the behavior/compilation of eztest.h.

For the most part, the defaults should be fine.

4.1. Behavioral Toggles

The following macros can be defined to change behavior.

1. EZTEST_ULP_PRECISION
   • default:4
   • This will change the ULP for both {ASSERT|EXPECT}_{FLOAT|DOUBLE}_EQ
2. EZTEST_FLOAT_ULP_PRECISION
   • default:EZTEST_ULP_PRECISION
   • This will change the ULP for both {ASSERT|EXPECT}_FLOAT_EQ
3. EZTEST_DOUBLE_ULP_PRECISION
   • default:EZTEST_ULP_PRECISION
   • This will change the ULP for both {ASSERT|EXPECT}_DOUBLE_EQ
4. EZTEST_C_PRINT_ARGS
   • default:1
   • If set to 0 and using the C language, eztest will stop trying to print arguments on failure.
5. EZTEST_VERBOSITY
   • default:0
   • Increase value to include more internal printouts (mostly just non-fatal warnings).

4.2. Compilation Toggles

The following macros can be defined to change compilation.

1. EZTEST_DISABLE_WARNINGS

   • default:1
   • If set, eztest will enable Pragmas to disable known, inevitable, warnings. These warnings mostly only show up if compiling with Clang's -Weverything or an excessive amount of GCC warnings. If compiling with -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic the only warning that may show up is -Wunused-function depending on the set of ASSERT/EXPECT checks used. The total set of disabled warnings are:
     • -Wcxx98-compat
     • -Wcxx98-compat-pedantic
     • -Wdouble-promotion
     • -Wfloat-equal
     • -Wformat-nonliteral
     • -Wglobal-constructors
     • -Wpadded
     • -Wunsafe-buffer-usage
     • -Wunused-function
     • -Wunused-member-function
     • -Wunused-result
     • -Wunused-template
   • Note the Pragmas are used minimally and will never apply to your own code.

2. EZTEST_STRICT_NAMESPACE

   • default:0
   • If set, then general {ASSERT|EXPECT}_* and TEST* macros will be prefixed with EZTEST_

5. System Requirements

There are some system requirements. Some of these may not be hard-requirements, but at the very least they are untested.

5.1. Operating System

Linux is the only tested OS at the moment. It's probably that any unix based system would work.

5.2. Compiler

GCC/Clang are the only tested compilers are the moment.

5.3. Language

1. If C
   • C99 or newer
   • Support for __attribute__((constructor))
2. If C++
   • C++11 or newer

5.4. Architecture

If compiling without posix specification - x86-64 - x86-32 - arm - aarch64 - riscv64 - riscv32

Otherwise any target should work.

6. Developer Info

6.1. EZTest Source

The source code is located in src/eztest.

The source code and includable eztest.h files seperate. The actual eztest.h header is autogenerated. This is a convenience to make development simpler.

6.2. EZTest Header Generation

To generate the eztest.h header file, we use the scripts/freeze.py script.

Generally there is no need to invoke the script directly. It will either be invoked by cmake as needed for tests/installation, or by the wrapper script quick-regen.py.

6.3. Internal Testing of EZTest

Tests are located in the tests directory.

To build the tests you can run:

mkdir build && cd build
cmake .. -DEZTEST_BUILD_TESTS=ON
make check-all # Run "unit tests"
make check-external # Run "integration tests"
make run-static-analysis # Run clang-tidy

The general cmake compiler/flags/language arguments will also apply. As well there are toolchain files are testing cross compilation.

To see some examples of the internal tests usage see .github/workflows/ci.yaml`.