Replace GPUAdapter requestAdapterInfo() method with info attribute

[beaufortfrancois]

This PR is not meant to be merged until gpuweb/gpuweb#4662 is merged.

---

Requirements for PR author:

• All missing test coverage is tracked with "TODO" or .unimplemented().
• New helpers are /** documented */ and new helper files are found in helper_index.txt.
• Test behaves as expected in a WebGPU implementation. (If not passing, explain above.) It currently requires https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5458182
• Test have be tested with compatibility mode validation enabled and behave as expected. (If not passing, explain above.)

Requirements for reviewer sign-off:

• Tests are properly located in the test tree.
• Test descriptions allow a reader to "read only the test plans and evaluate coverage completeness", and accurately reflect the test code.
• Tests provide complete coverage (including validation control cases). Missing coverage MUST be covered by TODOs.
• Helpers and types promote readability and maintainability.

When landing this PR, be sure to make any necessary issue status updates.

[beaufortfrancois]

FYI I also need to bump WebGPU types in this PR when gpuweb/types#148 is merged and a new version is realeased.

[kainino0x]

FYI I also need to bump WebGPU types in this PR when gpuweb/types#148 is merged and a new version is realeased.

More types changes were needed to make this compile:
gpuweb/types#149
And a few more CTS changes were needed so I opened a separate PR to roll the types:
#3770
Once that lands we can Update branch on this PR and it should be landable.