primitive-match

A zero-dependency pattern matching library for JavaScript with a simple API

Install

$ npm install primitive-match

Usage

import { match, when, _ } from 'primitive-match'

const color = match(r, g, b, a)(
    when([_, _, _, 0], 'Transparent'),
    when([255, 13, 255, _], 'Magenta'),
    when([255, 83, 13, _], 'Orange'),
    when([49, 193, 175, _], 'Turquoise')
)

Example

Lets say we need to perform some logic to determine the message we need show our user. This logic depends on multiple pieces of information:

const { country, tier, loggedIn } = getUserInfo()

let msg

if (loggedIn === false) {
    msg = 'Please log in to continue.'
} else if (country === 'US' || (country === 'Canada' && tier === 'premium')) {
    msg = 'Enjoy the show!'
} else if (country === 'Canada') {
    msg = 'This show is only for premium members.'
} else {
    msg = 'This show is unavailable in your country.'
}

In order to understand which message will appear in each different scenario, we need to follow and understand the different conditions in each if statement. The poor code readability makes it very error prone if we have to add or modify a condition.

primitive-match makes value based comparison easier to read and understand. We can turn the above example to this:

import { match, when, _ } from 'primitive-match'

const { country, tier, loggedIn } = getUserInfo()

const msg = match(country, tier, loggedIn)(
    when([_, _, false], 'Please log in to continue.'),
    when(['US', _, true], 'Enjoy the show!'),
    when(['Canada', 'premium', true], 'Enjoy the show!'),
    when(['Canada', 'free', true], 'This show is only for premium members.'),
    when([_, _, true], 'This show is unavailable in your country.')
)

Match multiple patterns

We can pattern match an input value against a set of values using either and neither.

We can use either to get a match when any of the values we pass it match the input value.

import { match, when, either, _ } from 'primitive-match'

const number = getNumber()

const result = match(number)(
    when([either(1, 2, 'three')], 'Found 1, 2, or "three"!')
)

Similarly, we can use neither to get a match when none of the values we pass it match the input value.

import { match, when, neither, _ } from 'primitive-match'

const character = getCharacter()

// prettier-ignore
const result = match(character)(
    when([neither('A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U', 'a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u')], `${character} is not a vowel!`)
)

API

match(...values: any[])

Accepts any number of JavaScript primitives of any type. Returns a function that accepts any number of when functions.

when(pattern: any[], result: any)

Accepts an array of the same length as the values provided to the parent match function and a result which will be returned in case of a match. It performs the pattern matching using reference type and value equality. There will be no match if the number of values given to its pattern array is not the same as the number of values given to its parent match function, or if none of the values match their corresponding pattern.

either(...values: any[])

Accepts any number of JavaScript primitives of any type. Can be passed as an argument to the pattern array of when. There will be a match if any of the values passed to either matches its corresponding match value.

neither(...values: any[])

Accepts any number of JavaScript primitives of any type. Can be passed as an argument to the pattern array of when. There will be a match if none of the values passed to it match their corresponding match value.

_

A unique symbol that serves as the wild card matching operator.

If _ conflicts with another library import such as lodash or underscore, then you can alias it when importing it:

import { match, when, _ as anything } from 'primitive-match'

// prettier-ignore
const result = match(someValue, anotherValue)(
    when(['value', anything], 'result')
)