fix: throw correct error when loading ESM with require

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 - `[jest-runtime]` Fix stack overflow and promise deadlock when importing mutual dependant ES module ([#10892](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10892))
 - `[jest-runtime]` Prevent global module registry from leaking into `isolateModules` registry ([#10963](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10963))
 - `[jest-runtime]` Refactor to prevent race condition when linking and evaluating ES Modules ([#11150](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/11150))
+- `[jest-runtime]` Throw correct error when attempting to load ESM via `require` ([#11260](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/11260))
 - `[jest-transform]` Show enhanced `SyntaxError` message for all `SyntaxError`s ([#10749](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10749))
 - `[jest-transform]` [**BREAKING**] Refactor API to pass an options bag around rather than multiple boolean options ([#10753](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10753))
 - `[jest-transform]` [**BREAKING**] Refactor API of transformers to pass an options bag rather than separate `config` and other options ([#10834](https://github.com/facebook/jest/pull/10834))

e2e/__tests__/__snapshots__/nativeEsm.test.ts.snap

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Ran all test suites matching /native-esm.tla.test.js/i.
 
 exports[`on node ^12.16.0 || >=13.7.0 runs test with native ESM 1`] = `
 Test Suites: 1 passed, 1 total
-Tests:       18 passed, 18 total
+Tests:       19 passed, 19 total
 Snapshots:   0 total
 Time:        <<REPLACED>>
 Ran all test suites matching /native-esm.test.js/i.

e2e/native-esm/__tests__/native-esm.test.js

@@ -166,3 +166,14 @@ test('handle circular dependency', async () => {
   expect(moduleA.moduleB.id).toBe('circularDependentB');
   expect(moduleA.moduleB.moduleA).toBe(moduleA);
 });
+
+test('require of ESM should throw correct error', () => {
+  const require = createRequire(import.meta.url);
+
+  expect(() => require('../fromCjs.mjs')).toThrow(
+    expect.objectContaining({
+      code: 'ERR_REQUIRE_ESM',
+      message: expect.stringContaining('Must use import to load ES Module'),
+    }),
+  );
+});

packages/jest-runtime/src/index.ts

@@ -648,16 +648,26 @@ export default class Runtime {
       modulePath = this._resolveModule(from, moduleName);
     }
 
+    if (this.unstable_shouldLoadAsEsm(modulePath)) {
+      // Node includes more info in the message
+      const error = new Error(
+        `Must use import to load ES Module: ${modulePath}`,
+      );
+
+      // @ts-expect-error: `code` is not defined
+      error.code = 'ERR_REQUIRE_ESM';
+
+      throw error;
+    }
+
     let moduleRegistry;
 
     if (options?.isInternalModule) {
       moduleRegistry = this._internalModuleRegistry;
+    } else if (this._isolatedModuleRegistry) {
+      moduleRegistry = this._isolatedModuleRegistry;
     } else {
-      if (this._isolatedModuleRegistry) {
-        moduleRegistry = this._isolatedModuleRegistry;
-      } else {
-        moduleRegistry = this._moduleRegistry;
-      }
+      moduleRegistry = this._moduleRegistry;
     }
 
     const module = moduleRegistry.get(modulePath);