fix(jest-worker): postMessage error handler in child threads

[dj-stormtrooper]

Summary

postMessage errors in threadChild is hard to investigate (for example DataCloneError errors), I added additional handler for this behavior in threadChild.ts.

This was a part of this PR, extracted for sooner merge

Test plan

Add this testcase to any testcase from the example directory, e.g. examples/typescript/__tests__/sum.test.js

it('should not explode', () => {
    const foo = () => {}
    const bar = () => {}
    expect(foo).toBe(bar)
})

Config:

// examples/typescript/package.json
 "jest": {
    "testEnvironment": "jsdom",
    "workerThreads": true,
    "maxWorkers": 1
  }

Command:

yarn test --watch

The result:

Before changes	After changes

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[SimenB]

great, thanks!

[SimenB]

https://github.com/jestjs/jest/releases/tag/v29.6.4

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