Rust to Python

This repository provides a mapping from Rust tooling and language features to Python.

Tooling

Tool	Rust	Python
Multi-version Installation	rustup	pyenv, pyenv-win
Package Repository	crates.io	PyPI
Package Management	Cargo	Poetry
Build Executables	Cargo	PyInstaller
Type Checking	Cargo	Mypy
Code Formatting	Rustfmt	Ruff Formatter, Ruff isort rules
Linting	Clippy	Ruff
Unit Testing	#[test]	pytest
Scripts	cargo-script	Nox, Poe the Poet
Upgrade to New Language Features	cargo fix	Ruff pyupgrade rules

For a Python project example that incorporates these tools, see python-blueprint.

Environments

Environment	Rust	Python
WASM	wasm-pack	PyScript, Pyodide, CPython WASM
Embedded	Embedded Rust	MicroPython, CircuitPython

Language Features

Feature	Rust	Python
Interface	trait	Protocol
Generics	<T>	list[T] etc., def f[T], class C[T]
Pattern Matching	match	match
Anonymous Function	|x| { x + 1 }	lambda x: x + 1
Foreign Function Interface	FFI	CFFI

Data Structures

Data Structure	Rust	Python
Data Type	struct	@dataclass
Algebraic Data Type	enum	Enum, Union of dataclass
Result	Result	returns.Result
Optional	Option	T | None, returns.Maybe
Fixed-sized Numerics	u8, u16, etc.	NumPy Data Types

Rust/Python Interop

• PyO3

Popular Python Packages Implemented in Rust

• Ruff
• Pydantic
• cryptography
• Polars

Misc Rust and Python Similarities

• Both languages prefer snake_case naming over lowerCamelCase
• Both languages use suffix type syntax (e.g. x: int / x: i32)
• Neither language is controlled by a single company