python-version-cheat-sheet

about the what and when of new python features

overview

python 3.0

• introduction of extended iterable unpacking which enables e.g. a, *b, c = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] so b becomes [2, 3, 4] (PEP 3132)

python 3.3

• introduction of yield from (PEP380)

python 3.4

• introduction of pathlib (PEP 428)

python 3.5

• introduction of type annotations (PEP 484)
• ATTENTION: you cannot use type annotations for variables yet; instead use type comments
• introduction of additional unpacking generalizations (PEP 448)

python 3.6

• introduction of type annotations for variables (PEP 526)
• f-strings (PEP 498)
• introduction of underscores in numeric literals, e.g. 1_000 (PEP 515)

python 3.7

• postponed evaluation of annotations via from __future__ import annotations (PEP 563)
• sort order of dicts is now guaranteed
• introduction of breakpoint(), additionally to import pdb;pdb.set_trace() (PEP 553)
• introduction of data classes (PEP 557)

python 3.8

• introduction of the walrus operator (PEP 572)

python 3.9

• builtin generic types, that means you can use list and dict for type annotations, instead of importing e.g. from typing import List (PEP 585)

python 3.10

• allow writing union types as X | Y (PEP 604)
• introduction of structural pattern matching, which is a kind of switch/case on steroids (PEP 622)

python 3.11

• exception groups and except*, a new standard to raise and handle multiple unrelated exceptions simultaneously (PEP654)
• support for parsing TOML in the standard library via tomllib (PEP 680)

official changelog

Do you need all the nitty gritty details?

• official changelog

contributing

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