printf()

The printf project is a collaboration between Diego López and Luis Chaparro, actual students of Software Engineering at Holberton School, were a function named "_printf" imitates the actual "printf" command located in the stdio.h library. It contains some of the basic features and functions found in the manual 3 of "printf".

_printf() is a function that performs formatted output conversion and print data. Its prototype is the following:

int _printf(const char *format, ...)

Where format contains the string that is printed. As _printf() is variadic function, it can receives n arguments that replace by n tags written inside the string.

The format tags prototype is the following:

%[flags][length]specifier

If the program runs successfully, the return value is the amount of chars printed.

Specifier	Output
c	Character
d or i	Signed decimal integer
s	String of characters
b	Signed binary
o	Signed octal
u	Unsigned integer
x	Unsigned hexadecimal
X	Unsigned hexadecimal (uppercase)
p	Pointer address
r	Reverse string of characters
R	ROT13 translation of string
S	String with special chars replaced by their ASCII value
%	Character

Flags	Description	Specifiers
+	Prints a plus sign (+) when the argument is a positive number. In other case, prints a minus sign (-).	i, d
(space)	Prints a blank space if the argument is a positive number	i, d
#	Prints 0, 0x and 0X for o, x and X specifiers, respectively. It doesn't print anything if the argument is zero	o, x, X

Length	Description	Specifiers
l	Prints a long int or unsigned long int	i, d, o, u, x and X
h	Prints a short int or unsigned short int	i, d, o, u, x and X

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Examples

1. Printing the string of chars "Hello, Holberton":

   • Use: _printf("Hello Hol%s.", "berton");
   • Output: Hello Holberton.

2. Printing an integer number:

   • Use: _printf("10 + 10 is equal to %d.", 20);
   • Output: 10 + 10 is equal to 20.

3. Printing a binary, octal and hexadecimal:

   • Use: _printf("10 in binary is [%b], in octal is [%o] and in hexadecimal is [%x]", 5, 5, 5);
   • Output: 10 in binary is [1010], in octal is [12] and in hexadecimal is [A]

4. Printing a string codified in ROT13:

   • Use: _printf("Hello in ROT13 is %R", "Hello");
   • Output: Hello in ROT13 is Urybb

Using flags and length tags:

5. Printing the string of chars "Hello, Holberton":

   • Use: _printf("2 * 2 = %+d and 5 * -5 = %+i", 4, -25);
   • Output: 2 * 2 = +4 and 5 * -5 = -25

6. Printing a long integer number and short integer number:

   • Use: _printf("1 million as a long int is %ld, but as a short int is %hd", 1000000, 1000000);
   • Output: 1 million as a long int is 1000000, but as a short int is 16960

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File Functions

_printf.c

Own Printf Function Tha Performs Formatted Output Conversion And Print Data.

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holberton.h

Header File Were All Prototypes Are Saved.

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get_print_func.c

Pointer To A Function That Selects The Correct Function To Perform The Operation.

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print_buf.c

Function That Prints The Buffer.

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handl_buf.c

Function That Concatenates The Buffer Characters.

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print_chr.c

Function That Writes The Character C To Stdout.

/* Indetifier : %c */

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print_str.c

Function That Writes The String To Stdout.

/* Indetifier : %s */

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print_int.c

Function That Prints An Integer.

/* Indetifier : %i or %d */

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print_bnr.c

Function That Prints Decimal In Binary.

/* Indetifier : %b */

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print_oct.c

Function That Prints Decimal In Octal.

/* Indetifier : %o */

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print_hex.c

Function That Prints Decimal In Hexadecimal.

/* Indetifier : %x */

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print_upx.c

Function That Prints Decimal In Uppercase Hexadecimal.

/* Indetifier : %X */

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print_usr.c

Function That Prints A String And Values Of Non-Printed Chars.

/* Indetifier : %S */

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print_unt.c

Function That Prints An Unsigned Integer.

/* Indetifier : %u */

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print_rev.c

Function That Writes The String To Stdout In Reverse.

/* Indetifier : %r */

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print_rot.c

Function That Writes The String To Stdout In Rot13.

/* Indetifier : %R */

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print_add.c

Function That Prints The Address Of An Input Variable.

/* Indetifier : %p */

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print_long_oct.c

Function That Prints Long Decimal Number In Octal.

/* Indetifier : %lo */

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print_long_hex.c

Function That Prints Long Decimal Number In Hexadecimal.

/* Indetifier : %lx */

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print_long_int.c

Function That Prints A Long Integer.

/* Indetifier : %li */

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print_long_upx.c

Function That Prints A Long Decimal In Uppercase Hexadecimal.

/* Indetifier : %lX */

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print_long_unt.c

Function That Prints A Long Unsigned Integer.

/* Indetifier : %lu */

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print_short_oct.c

Function That Prints Short Decimal Number In Octal.

/* Indetifier : %ho */

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print_short_hex.c

Function That Prints Short Decimal Number In Hexadecimal.

/* Indetifier : %hx */

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print_short_int.c

Function That Prints A Short Integer.

/* Indetifier : %hi */

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print_short_upx.c

Function That Prints A Short Decimal In Uppercase Hexadecimal.

/* Indetifier : %hX */

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print_short_unt.c

Function That Prints A Short Unsigned Integer.

/* Indetifier : %hu */

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print_num_hex.c

Function That Print A Number In Hexadecimal Begining With 0 And x.

/* Indetifier : %#x */

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print_num_oct.c

Function That Prints A Number In Octal Begining With 0 And o.

/* Indetifier : %#o */

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print_num_upx.c

Function That Prints A Number In Uppercase Hexadecimal.

/* Indetifier : %#X */

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print_plus_int.c

Function That Prints An Integer With Plus Symbol.

/* Indetifier : %+i */

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print_space_int.c

Function That Prints An Integer Begining With 0 And u.

/* Indetifier : % i */

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ev_print_func.c

Function That Returns The Amount Of Indetifiers.

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Authors

Diego Lopez and Luis Chaparro.

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End