test_runner: better handle async bootstrap errors

The test runner is bootstrapped synchronously, with the exception
of importing custom reporters. To better handle asynchronously
throw errors, this commit introduces an internal error type that
can be checked for from the test runner's uncaughtException
handler.

After #46707 and this change
land, the other throw statement in the uncaughtException handler
can be removed. This will allow the test runner to handle errors
thrown from outside of tests (which currently prevents the test
runner from reporting results).

lib/internal/errors.js

@@ -1604,8 +1604,8 @@ E('ERR_TAP_VALIDATION_ERROR', function(errorMsg) {
 }, Error);
 E('ERR_TEST_FAILURE', function(error, failureType) {
   hideInternalStackFrames(this);
-  assert(typeof failureType === 'string',
-         "The 'failureType' argument must be of type string.");
+  assert(typeof failureType === 'string' || typeof failureType === 'symbol',
+         "The 'failureType' argument must be of type string or symbol.");
 
   let msg = error?.message ?? error;
 

lib/internal/test_runner/harness.js

@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ const { exitCodes: { kGenericUserError } } = internalBinding('errors');
 const { kEmptyObject } = require('internal/util');
 const { getOptionValue } = require('internal/options');
 const { kCancelledByParent, Test, ItTest, Suite } = require('internal/test_runner/test');
-const { setupTestReporters } = require('internal/test_runner/utils');
+const {
+  kAsyncBootstrapFailure,
+  setupTestReporters,
+} = require('internal/test_runner/utils');
 const { bigint: hrtime } = process.hrtime;
 
 const isTestRunnerCli = getOptionValue('--test');
@@ -31,6 +34,13 @@ function createTestTree(options = kEmptyObject) {
 
 function createProcessEventHandler(eventName, rootTest) {
   return (err) => {
+    if (err?.failureType === kAsyncBootstrapFailure) {
+      // Something went wrong during the asynchronous portion of bootstrapping
+      // the test runner. Since the test runner is not setup properly, we can't
+      // do anything but throw the error.
+      throw err.cause;
+    }
+
     // Check if this error is coming from a test. If it is, fail the test.
     const test = testResources.get(executionAsyncId());
 

lib/internal/test_runner/utils.js

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ const {
 } = require('internal/errors');
 const { compose } = require('stream');
 
+const kAsyncBootstrapFailure = Symbol('asyncBootstrapFailure');
 const kMultipleCallbackInvocations = 'multipleCallbackInvocations';
 const kRegExpPattern = /^\/(.*)\/([a-z]*)$/;
 const kSupportedFileExtensions = /\.[cm]?js$/;
@@ -164,10 +165,14 @@ async function setupTestReporters(testsStream) {
                                     'must match the number of specified \'--test-reporter-destination\'');
   }
 
-  const reportersMap = await getReportersMap(reporters, destinations);
-  for (let i = 0; i < reportersMap.length; i++) {
-    const { reporter, destination } = reportersMap[i];
-    compose(testsStream, reporter).pipe(destination);
+  try {
+    const reportersMap = await getReportersMap(reporters, destinations);
+    for (let i = 0; i < reportersMap.length; i++) {
+      const { reporter, destination } = reportersMap[i];
+      compose(testsStream, reporter).pipe(destination);
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw new ERR_TEST_FAILURE(err, kAsyncBootstrapFailure);
   }
 }
 
@@ -177,5 +182,6 @@ module.exports = {
   doesPathMatchFilter,
   isSupportedFileType,
   isTestFailureError,
+  kAsyncBootstrapFailure,
   setupTestReporters,
 };

test/parallel/test-runner-reporters.js

@@ -116,4 +116,16 @@ describe('node:test reporters', { concurrency: true }, () => {
       /^package: reporter-esm{"test:start":4,"test:pass":2,"test:fail":2,"test:plan":2,"test:diagnostic":\d+}$/,
     );
   });
+
+  it('should throw when reporter setup throws asynchronously', async () => {
+    const child = spawnSync(
+      process.execPath,
+      ['--test', '--test-reporter', fixtures.path('empty.js'), 'reporters.js'],
+      { cwd: fixtures.path('test-runner') }
+    );
+    assert.strictEqual(child.status, 7);
+    assert.strictEqual(child.signal, null);
+    assert.strictEqual(child.stdout.toString(), '');
+    assert.match(child.stderr.toString(), /ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE/);
+  });
 });