async_hooks: fix resource stack for deep stacks

460c81d introduced a bug where the execution resource was not
stored properly if we needed to call into C++ to extend the stack size.
Fix that bug by always storing the resource.

Refs: #34319
Fixes: #34556

PR-URL: #34573
Reviewed-By: Andrey Pechkurov <apechkurov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Benjamin Gruenbaum <benjamingr@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Gerhard Stöbich <deb2001-github@yahoo.de>
Reviewed-By: Gus Caplan <me@gus.host>

lib/internal/async_hooks.js

@@ -434,11 +434,11 @@ function hasAsyncIdStack() {
 // This is the equivalent of the native push_async_ids() call.
 function pushAsyncContext(asyncId, triggerAsyncId, resource) {
   const offset = async_hook_fields[kStackLength];
+  execution_async_resources[offset] = resource;
   if (offset * 2 >= async_wrap.async_ids_stack.length)
     return pushAsyncContext_(asyncId, triggerAsyncId);
   async_wrap.async_ids_stack[offset * 2] = async_id_fields[kExecutionAsyncId];
   async_wrap.async_ids_stack[offset * 2 + 1] = async_id_fields[kTriggerAsyncId];
-  execution_async_resources[offset] = resource;
   async_hook_fields[kStackLength]++;
   async_id_fields[kExecutionAsyncId] = asyncId;
   async_id_fields[kTriggerAsyncId] = triggerAsyncId;

test/parallel/test-async-local-storage-deep-stack.js

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+'use strict';
+const common = require('../common');
+const { AsyncLocalStorage } = require('async_hooks');
+
+// Regression test for: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/34556
+
+const als = new AsyncLocalStorage();
+
+const done = common.mustCall();
+
+function run(count) {
+  if (count !== 0) return als.run({}, run, --count);
+  done();
+}
+run(1000);