Implement asynchronous equivalent for assert.throws() and
assert.doesNotThrow().

PR-URL: nodejs#18023
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Shingo Inoue <leko.noor@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Joyee Cheung <joyeec9h3@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>

This updates the test in `test/parallel/test-assert-async.js` to add an
assertion that the Promises used in the test end up fulfilled.
Previously, if an assertion failure occurred, the Promises would have
rejected and a warning would have been logged, but the test would still
have exit code 0.

PR-URL: nodejs#19650
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>

This updates `assert.rejects()` to disallow any errors that are thrown
synchronously from the given function. Previously, throwing an error
would cause the same behavior as returning a rejected Promise.

Fixes: nodejs#19646
PR-URL: nodejs#19650
Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
Reviewed-By: Ruben Bridgewater <ruben@bridgewater.de>