build: run link checker in linter workflow

[richardlau]

Run the checkLinks.js tool on our actions workflow.
Change format of logged messages when run on GitHub Actions (i.e.
when the GITHUB_ACTIONS environment variable is true) so that
broken links are highlighted inline in pull requests.

Refs: #34787

Checklist

• make -j4 test (UNIX), or vcbuild test (Windows) passes
• commit message follows commit guidelines

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/32814/

[github-actions]

Commit Queue failed

- Loading data for nodejs/node/pull/34810
✔  Done loading data for nodejs/node/pull/34810
----------------------------------- PR info ------------------------------------
Title      build: run link checker in linter workflow (#34810)
   ⚠  Could not retrieve the email or name of the PR author's from user's GitHub profile!
Branch     richardlau:checklinks -> nodejs:master
Labels     author ready, doc, meta, tools
Commits    2
 - build: run link checker in linter workflow
 - doc,tools: annotate broken links in actions workflow
Committers 1
 - Richard Lau 
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34810
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/34787
Reviewed-By: Mary Marchini 
Reviewed-By: James M Snell 
Reviewed-By: Jiawen Geng 
------------------------------ Generated metadata ------------------------------
PR-URL: https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34810
Refs: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/34787
Reviewed-By: Mary Marchini 
Reviewed-By: James M Snell 
Reviewed-By: Jiawen Geng 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   ℹ  Last Full PR CI on 2020-08-17T20:12:30Z: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/32814/
- Querying data of job/node-test-pull-request/32814/
✔  Build data downloaded
   ℹ  This PR was created on Mon, 17 Aug 2020 17:05:19 GMT
   ✔  Approvals: 3
   ✔  - Mary Marchini (@mmarchini) (TSC): https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34810#pullrequestreview-468672962
   ✔  - James M Snell (@jasnell) (TSC): https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34810#pullrequestreview-468746762
   ✔  - Jiawen Geng (@gengjiawen): https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/34810#pullrequestreview-468943560
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   ✔  No git am in progress
   ✔  No git rebase in progress
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- Bringing origin/master up to date...
From https://github.com/nodejs/node
 * branch              master     -> FETCH_HEAD
✔  origin/master is now up-to-date
- Downloading patch for 34810
✔  Downloaded patch to /home/runner/work/node/node/.ncu/34810/patch
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applying: build: run link checker in linter workflow
Applying: doc,tools: annotate broken links in actions workflow
   ✔  Patches applied
There are 2 commits in the PR
Please run the following commands to complete landing
$ git rebase origin/master -i -x "git node land --amend"

$ git node land --continue

[Trott]

Landed in be360e2...9a819dd

[Trott]

(Oh, I see the commit queue tag was added less than an hour ago. Hope I didn't jump the gun by landing it. Sorry if I've made it harder to debug the problem it was having!)