fix(sdk-trace-base): ensure attribute value length limit is enforced on span creation

[pichlermarc]

Which problem is this PR solving?

The attribute value length limit was not enforced when a span was created with attributes

Fixes #4416

Short description of the changes

Set the length limit before setting the attributes.

Type of change

Please delete options that are not relevant.

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)

How Has This Been Tested?

• Added unit test

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #4417 (9c3dbd7) into main (5700853) will increase coverage by 92.24%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##           main    #4417       +/-   ##
=========================================
+ Coverage      0   92.24%   +92.24%     
=========================================
  Files         0      333      +333     
  Lines         0     9451     +9451     
  Branches      0     2008     +2008     
=========================================
+ Hits          0     8718     +8718     
- Misses        0      733      +733     

Files	Coverage Δ
packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/Span.ts	97.50% <100.00%> (ø)

... and 332 files with indirect coverage changes