ddl: Refactor for fixing unstable drop table (#8421)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #8421

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: ref #8395

Problem Summary:

What is changed and how it works?

• Abstract class DatabaseInfoCache to wrap the logic about the database info cache in TiDBSchemaSyncer and SchemaBuilder
• Replace TiDBSchemaSyncer::findDatabaseIDAndTableID by TableIDMap:: findDatabaseIDAndLogicalTableID
• Simplify getting canonical name in SchemaSyncService to remove useless code
• Remove useless code SchemaBuilder-internal.h

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

None

[ti-chi-bot]

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[JaySon-Huang]

merged into #8444