preserve index in list accessor (pandas-dev#58438)

* preserve index in list accessor

* gh reference

* explode fix

* cleanup

* improve test

* Update v3.0.0.rst

Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>

* f

---------

Co-authored-by: Rohan Jain <rohanjain@microsoft.com>
Co-authored-by: Matthew Roeschke <10647082+mroeschke@users.noreply.github.com>

doc/source/whatsnew/v3.0.0.rst

@@ -471,6 +471,7 @@ Other
 - Bug in :meth:`DataFrame.where` where using a non-bool type array in the function would return a ``ValueError`` instead of a ``TypeError`` (:issue:`56330`)
 - Bug in :meth:`Index.sort_values` when passing a key function that turns values into tuples, e.g. ``key=natsort.natsort_key``, would raise ``TypeError`` (:issue:`56081`)
 - Bug in Dataframe Interchange Protocol implementation was returning incorrect results for data buffers' associated dtype, for string and datetime columns (:issue:`54781`)
+- Bug in ``Series.list`` methods not preserving the original :class:`Index`. (:issue:`58425`)
 
 .. ***DO NOT USE THIS SECTION***
 

pandas/core/arrays/arrow/accessors.py

@@ -110,7 +110,9 @@ def len(self) -> Series:
         from pandas import Series
 
         value_lengths = pc.list_value_length(self._pa_array)
-        return Series(value_lengths, dtype=ArrowDtype(value_lengths.type))
+        return Series(
+            value_lengths, dtype=ArrowDtype(value_lengths.type), index=self._data.index
+        )
 
     def __getitem__(self, key: int | slice) -> Series:
         """
@@ -149,7 +151,9 @@ def __getitem__(self, key: int | slice) -> Series:
             # if key < 0:
             #     key = pc.add(key, pc.list_value_length(self._pa_array))
             element = pc.list_element(self._pa_array, key)
-            return Series(element, dtype=ArrowDtype(element.type))
+            return Series(
+                element, dtype=ArrowDtype(element.type), index=self._data.index
+            )
         elif isinstance(key, slice):
             if pa_version_under11p0:
                 raise NotImplementedError(
@@ -167,7 +171,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, key: int | slice) -> Series:
             if step is None:
                 step = 1
             sliced = pc.list_slice(self._pa_array, start, stop, step)
-            return Series(sliced, dtype=ArrowDtype(sliced.type))
+            return Series(sliced, dtype=ArrowDtype(sliced.type), index=self._data.index)
         else:
             raise ValueError(f"key must be an int or slice, got {type(key).__name__}")
 
@@ -195,15 +199,17 @@ def flatten(self) -> Series:
         ... )
         >>> s.list.flatten()
         0    1
-        1    2
-        2    3
-        3    3
+        0    2
+        0    3
+        1    3
         dtype: int64[pyarrow]
         """
         from pandas import Series
 
-        flattened = pc.list_flatten(self._pa_array)
-        return Series(flattened, dtype=ArrowDtype(flattened.type))
+        counts = pa.compute.list_value_length(self._pa_array)
+        flattened = pa.compute.list_flatten(self._pa_array)
+        index = self._data.index.repeat(counts.fill_null(pa.scalar(0, counts.type)))
+        return Series(flattened, dtype=ArrowDtype(flattened.type), index=index)
 
 
 class StructAccessor(ArrowAccessor):

pandas/tests/series/accessors/test_list_accessor.py

@@ -31,10 +31,23 @@ def test_list_getitem(list_dtype):
     tm.assert_series_equal(actual, expected)
 
 
+def test_list_getitem_index():
+    # GH 58425
+    ser = Series(
+        [[1, 2, 3], [4, None, 5], None],
+        dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.list_(pa.int64())),
+        index=[1, 3, 7],
+    )
+    actual = ser.list[1]
+    expected = Series([2, None, None], dtype="int64[pyarrow]", index=[1, 3, 7])
+    tm.assert_series_equal(actual, expected)
+
+
 def test_list_getitem_slice():
     ser = Series(
         [[1, 2, 3], [4, None, 5], None],
         dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.list_(pa.int64())),
+        index=[1, 3, 7],
     )
     if pa_version_under11p0:
         with pytest.raises(
@@ -44,7 +57,9 @@ def test_list_getitem_slice():
     else:
         actual = ser.list[1:None:None]
         expected = Series(
-            [[2, 3], [None, 5], None], dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.list_(pa.int64()))
+            [[2, 3], [None, 5], None],
+            dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.list_(pa.int64())),
+            index=[1, 3, 7],
         )
         tm.assert_series_equal(actual, expected)
 
@@ -61,11 +76,15 @@ def test_list_len():
 
 def test_list_flatten():
     ser = Series(
-        [[1, 2, 3], [4, None], None],
+        [[1, 2, 3], None, [4, None], [], [7, 8]],
         dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.list_(pa.int64())),
     )
     actual = ser.list.flatten()
-    expected = Series([1, 2, 3, 4, None], dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.int64()))
+    expected = Series(
+        [1, 2, 3, 4, None, 7, 8],
+        dtype=ArrowDtype(pa.int64()),
+        index=[0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4, 4],
+    )
     tm.assert_series_equal(actual, expected)