feat(client): extensions generic type api

[millsp]

This PR enables extensions to deal with input and output types in generic extensions to be able to augment them dynamically on any given model. For this, three new utilities appeared:

• Exact: Enforces exact type inputs, no more, no less while also narrowing input
• Args: Dynamically retrieve the input type of a given model and a given operation
• Result: Takes the input types and gives the result for a given model and operation
• Payload: Retrieve the payload output types which represent scalars & relations objects

The gist:

const prisma = new PrismaClient()

const xprisma = prisma.$extends({
  model: {
    $allModels: {
      findOrCreate<T, A>(
        this: T,
        x: Prisma.Exact<A, Prisma.Args<T, 'findFirstOrThrow'> & { cache: boolean }>,
      ): Prisma.Result<T, A, 'findFirstOrThrow'> {
        const ctx = Prisma.getExtensionContext(this)

        console.log(ctx.name)

        return {} as any // TODO
      },
    },
  },
})

async function main() {
  const test0 = xprisma.link.findOrCreate({
    cache: true,
    select: {
      id: true,
    },
  })
}

closes #17236
closes #17339
closes #16600
closes #17258
closes https://github.com/prisma/client-planning/issues/214
closes https://github.com/prisma/client-planning/issues/210

[Jolg42]

Note: @millsp Looks like there is a conflict to solve

[leumasme]

Is there any documentation (or examples) on how to use this?
I'm having a hard time figuring it out from sifting through the typedefs in the client and just figuring something like
Prisma.Result<typeof db.measurement, {include: {Location: true}}, "findMany">
out took a little while and is still using typeof.
The Advanced Type Safety docs article could probably use some docs on this.