fix(sql): breaking change💥 - fix expression parser operator precedence

[sivukhin]

Context

This is second part of the PR #4386

This PR fixes expression parser operator precedence rules. Now, QuestDB will use precedence order which is close to the PostgreSQL (https://www.postgresql.org/docs/7.2/sql-precedence.html; the precedence rules validated extensively with ExpressionParserFuzzTest.java):

{"."},
{"::"},
{"-'1", "~'1"},
{"*", "/", "%"},
{"+", "-'2"},
{"<<", ">>", "<<=", ">>="},
{"||"},
{"&"},
{"^"},
{"|"},
{"in", "not in", "within", "not within", "between", "not between"},
{"<", "<=", ">", ">="},
{"=", "~'2", "!=", "<>", "!~", "like", "ilike", "is null", "is not null"},
{"not"},
{"and"},
{"or"}

In order to provide migration path for users QuestDB introduces temporary boolean flag in the config: cairo.sql.legacy.operator.precedence or QDB_CAIRO_SQL_LEGACY_OPERATOR_PRECEDENCE env var which enables legacy operator precedence in a switched-on (true) state + with cairo.sql.legacy.operator.precedence = true QuestDB will log mismatch in parsing behaviour between old & new precedence table:

2024-04-25T21:23:19.408159Z A i.q.g.ExpressionParser operator precedence compat mode: detected expression parsing behaviour change for query=[true or true and false] at position=13

[nwoolmer]

Putting the hold on it before I make some changes.

[nwoolmer]

To be merged after #4441

[puzpuzpuz]

In order to provide migration path for users QuestDB introduces temporary flag in the config

This part of the PR description seems no longer relevant and should be updated.

[puzpuzpuz]

LGTM. Thanks for another solid contribution!

There is a conflict due to a recent test change.

[nwoolmer]

Looking to resolve conflicts now, bear with.

[nwoolmer]

Thank you for all your effort sorting out this and its tandem PR, we really appreciate the help and attention to detail!

[puzpuzpuz]

@sivukhin our build doesn't like your javadocs. :)

Is it ok if I send a PR to fix that against your fork?

[sivukhin]

@puzpuzpuz, yes, sure. You can also push directly to my fork (sent you an invite; but feel free to decline and create PR into the fork)

[nwoolmer]

Corresponding docs PR: https://github.com/questdb/questdb.io/pull/2286