feat: type options per dialect, add "url" option, remove alternative Sequelize constructor signatures

[ephys]

Note

Please review #17219 first

Description of Changes

The initial goal was to remove the extra signatures from the Sequelize constructor, and add the "url" option.
To do these changes cleanly, I moved the constructor to the TypeScript implementation.

Of course, and this is where I'm sorry, that lead to a series of changes to make the constructor TypeScript-compatible. Here they are:

• The list of options persisted on the sequelize instance has been cleaned up to remove anything that did not make sense and would cause confusion, like:
  • options.dialect: users should access the dialect field instead
  • options.databaseVersion: users should use getDatabaseVersion instead
  • options.hooks: Is a shortcut for calling .hooks.addListener
  • options.models: Is a shortcut for calling .addModels
  • options.pool: The options are available on sequelize.pool instead
• AbstractDialect.getDefaultPort has been removed because port normalization is now done by the dialect themselves, as connection options differ wildly per dialect
• The pool was moved to the sequelize instance for two reasons:
  • All dialects should go through the pool, the pool is more coupled to the sequelize instance than the connection manager.
  • This fixes the issue where pool events would not fire for SQLite. The goal is to treat SQLite like all other dialects.
  • The sequelize options need to create the dialect instance to be able to parse the connection options, but the pool needs the connection options to init, so the dialect cannot be responsible for creating the pool
  • This also remove the weird workaround to get the database version.
• Because the pool was moved, functions from the connection manager that only proxied to the pool have been removed. We now use the pool directly. Some of the features that were present in the connection manager were moved to the pool instead.
• The replication config has been normalized to become the source of truth, instead of it being split in multiple places (options, config, replication)
• All dialects now specify exactly which option they accept. Their connection options now more accurately represent what the dialect supports.

Sequelize throws if an unknown option is used:

Important

With this PR, the URL parsing is broken because it does not produce the right options for every dialect. We need to fix that before we publish a release.
I would rather not do it in this PR considering how big this PR already is.

Misc changes

• Removed eslint rules that were already removed from the preset
• Made the logging option disallow true in typings
• Every possible way of setting the database version now calls sequelize.setDatabaseVersion which does the database version check
• sequelize.sync's options does not inherit from sequelize's options anymore, as they caused problems with schemas. They still inherit from sequelize.options.sync.
• Fixed a bug in sqlite's alter table: It was ignoring the transaction in non-cls mode
• Removed the "match" option from sequelize.sync: It only worked for databases that have a "database" option. A better alternative should be considered instead

Changes made to tests

• integration/configuration.test.ts was mostly disabled due to the test not actually testing anything, see Drop subclasses of SequelizeConnectionError #17240
• the contents of abstract/connection-manager.test.ts were moved to pool.test.ts (split between integration & unit)
• The hook writability tests are broken and should be dropped in favor of tests (written in typescript) that actually try to modify these values individually

List of Breaking Changes

• The sequelize constructor only accepts a single parameter: the option bag. All other signatures have been removed.
• Setting the sequelize option to a string representing a URL has been replaced with the "url" option.
• The dialectOptions option has been removed. All options that were previously in that object can now be set at the root of the option bag, like all other options.
• All dialect-specific options changed. This includes at least some credential options that changed.
• Which dialect-specific option can be used is allow-listed to ensure they do not break Sequelize
• The sequelize pool is not on the connection manager anymore. It is now directly on the sequelize instance and can be accessed via sequelize.pool
• The sequelize.config field has been removed. Everything related to connecting to the database has been normalized to sequelize.options.replication.write (always present) and sequelize.options.replication.read (only present if read-replication is enabled)
• sequelize.options is now fully frozen. It is no longer possible to modify the Sequelize options after the instance has been created.
• sequelize.options is a normalized list of option. If you wish to access the options that were used to create the sequelize instance, use sequelize.rawOptions
• The default sqlite database is not ':memory:' anymore, but sequelize.sqlite in your current working directory.
• Setting the sqlite database to a temporary database like ':memory:' or '' requires configuring the pool to behave like a singleton, and disallowed read replication
• The match option is no longer supported by sequelize.sync. If you made use of this feature, let us know so we can design a better alternative.

[ephys]

I'm reading as much as I can on SQLite pooling and the documentation is pretty clear about the fact that we can have multiple concurrent read connections, but only one connection can write at a time
Similarly, you can have multiple read transactions open at the same time, but you can only have a single write transaction open at any given time (otherwise you get sqlite_busy)

With that in mind, I think SQLite should use the pool like all other dialects, but:

• the write pool should be set to 1 by default
• the read pool should be configurable separately (it would make sense to have a different pool for each entry of the replication.read array)

[WikiRik]

Looks good! Few minor remarks

[ephys]

Don't forget to add the list of breaking changes to the commit when merging, using the conventional commit syntax