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List of real-world threats against endpoint protection software

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AVPWN

List of real-world threats against endpoint protection software - For future reference. The list is based on public information and thus is obviously incomplete.

The list should include:

  • Non-public 0-day exploits at the time of reference
  • Public incidents where attackers exploited endpoint protection software
  • Supporting public evidence should be provided for all records

The list doesn't include:

  • Exploits intentionally disclosed to the vendor in any way (including full uncoordinated disclosure)
  • Detection bypasses, because I don't want to fill up the storage space of GitHub
  • Attacks or exploits against perimeter products, because I'm lazy

The List

Name Link Internal ID Server Side Client Side Known Incident
avast! Local Information Disclosure https://wikileaks.org/hackingteam/emails/emailid/45441 13-005 0 1 Brokered
avast! Local Privilege Escalation https://wikileaks.org/hackingteam/emails/emailid/45441 13-010 0 1 Brokered
McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator Privileged Remote Code Execution https://wikileaks.org/hackingteam/emails/emailid/45441 13-019 1 0 Brokered
McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator Post-Auth Privileged Remote Code Execution https://wikileaks.org/hackingteam/emails/emailid/45441 13-023 1 0 Brokered
McAfee ePolicy Orchestrator Post-Auth Privileged Remote Code Execution https://wikileaks.org/hackingteam/emails/emailid/45441 13-024 1 0 Brokered
ESET NOD32 Antivirus and ESET Smart Security Remote Pre-auth Code Execution https://wikileaks.org/hackingteam/emails/emailid/45441 2010-0021 0 1 Brokered, Sold
Symantec AntiVirus Remote Stack Buffer Overflow http://www.securityfocus.com/news/11426 CVE-2006-2630 0 1 Exploited ItW
McAfee Stinger Portable DLL Sideloading https://wikileaks.org/ciav7p1/cms/page_27492400.html Fine Dining 0 1 CIA collection
Sophos Virus Removal Tool DLL sideloading https://wikileaks.org/ciav7p1/cms/page_27263043.html Fine Dining 0 1 CIA collection
Kaspersky TDSS Killer Portable DLL Sideloading https://wikileaks.org/ciav7p1/cms/page_27492393.html Fine Dining 0 1 CIA collection
ClamWin Portable DLL Hijack https://wikileaks.org/ciav7p1/cms/page_27262995.html Fine Dining 0 1 CIA collection
Kaspersky ?? SUID command injection https://hackmd.io/s/r1gLMUUpx evolvingstrategy 0 1 EQGRP exploit leaked by Shadow Brokers
Symantec rastlsc.exe DLL side-loading https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ESET_OceanLotus.pdf OceanLotus 0 1 ESET report
Trend Micro Office Scan server ZIP path traversal https://www.zdnet.com/article/trend-micro-antivirus-zero-day-used-in-mitsubishi-electric-hack/ CVE-2019-18187 1 0 Mitsubishi Electric
Trend Micro Apex One and OfficeScan migration tool RCE https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities---threats/trend-micro-patches-two-zero-days-under-attack/d/d-id/1337338 https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000245571 https://www.tenable.com/blog/cve-2020-8467-cve-2020-8468-vulnerabilities-in-trend-micro-apex-one-and-officescan-exploited-in CVE-2020-8467 1 0 N/A
Trend Micro Apex One and OfficeScan content validation escape https://www.darkreading.com/vulnerabilities---threats/trend-micro-patches-two-zero-days-under-attack/d/d-id/1337338 https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000245571 https://www.tenable.com/blog/cve-2020-8467-cve-2020-8468-vulnerabilities-in-trend-micro-apex-one-and-officescan-exploited-in CVE-2020-8468 0 1 N/A
Windows Defender buffer overflow https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1647 CVE-2021-1647 0 1 Exploitation was detected before fix was released. Snort rules detect shellcode. May be related to the SolarWinds breach (although this remark was deleted from ZDI's original post)
Trend Micro Apex One Improper Access Control Privilege Escalation https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-20-1094/ CVE-2020-24557 0 1 https://therecord.media/nightmare-week-for-security-vendors-now-a-trend-micro-bug-is-being-exploited-in-the-wild/ (unclear if exploitation happened before or after vendor was notified about the bug)
Trend Micro Apex One Local Privilege Escalation and Arbitrary File Upload https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/000287819 CVE-2021-36742 CVE-2021-36741 1 1 https://therecord.media/hackers-tried-to-exploit-two-zero-days-in-trend-micros-apex-one-edr-platform/
Trend Micro Apex Central Arbitrary File Upload RCE https://success.trendmicro.com/dcx/s/solution/000290678?language=en_US CVE-2022-26871 1 0 https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1510901921657331716
eScan insecure update MitM leads to RCE https://decoded.avast.io/janrubin/guptiminer-hijacking-antivirus-updates-for-distributing-backdoors-and-casual-mining/ N/A 0 1 https://decoded.avast.io/janrubin/guptiminer-hijacking-antivirus-updates-for-distributing-backdoors-and-casual-mining/

Immortal exploits

The following list contains exploits of "immortal" vulnerabilities - ones that for some reason can't be fixed by the vendor.

Name Link Internal ID Server Side Client Side Known Incident
Avast aswSnx.sys Kernel Driver 11.1.2253 - Memory Corruption Privilege Escalation https://artemonsecurity.blogspot.com/2016/10/remsec-driver-analysis-agnitum-driver.html https://twitter.com/cherepanov74/status/762654147841781760 N/A 0 1 Remsec / Cremes malware
Agnitum Sandbox.sys Kernel Driver Arbitrary DLL Loading https://artemonsecurity.blogspot.com/2016/10/remsec-driver-analysis-agnitum-driver.html https://twitter.com/cherepanov74/status/762654147841781760 N/A 0 1 Remsec / Cremes malware
AvosLocker Ransomware Variant Abuses Avast Driver File (asWarPot.sys) to Disable Anti-Virus https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/e/avoslocker-ransomware-variant-abuses-driver-file-to-disable-anti-Virus-scans-log4shell.html https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/unc2596-cuba-ransomware https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2022/10/18/defenders-beware-a-case-for-post-ransomware-investigations/ BURNTCIGAR 0 1 AvosLocker, Cuba
Zemana AntiMalware/AntiLogger Driver to Disable Anti-Virus https://voidsec.com/reverse-engineering-terminator-aka-zemana-antimalware-antilogger-driver/ Terminator 0 1 SpyBot
Panda Memory Access Driver multiple vulnerabilities https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2024/01/25/multiple-vulnerabilities-discovered-in-widely-used-security-driver/ CVE-2023-6330, CVE-2023-6331, CVE-2023-6332 0 1 Red Team used 0-day

Honorable mentions

  • As of November 2016. Zerodium (a prominent vulnerability broker) is offering up to $40.000 for Antivirus LPE/RCE
    • In 2017. the price for AV LPE exploits dropped to $10.000 (presumably because of the easy accessibility to such exploits).
  • In 2014. Kaspersky reported that the Careto malware was attempting to exploit a vulnerability in their products "to make the malware 'invisible' in the system". The targeted vulnerability was fixed in 2008.
  • In 2015. Kaspersky reported a compromise of their own systems. According to the report "neither [Kaspersky's] products nor services have been compromised", and attackers were after information about "ongoing investigations [...] detection methods and analysis capabilities". In 2017 NYT reported that Kaspersky was compromised by the Israeli intelligence that found that Russian services were using the companies infrastructure/products to "scour the world for U.S. secrets".
  • In 2013. Bit9, a security firm mostly known for it's white-list based endpoint protection product, was hacked and code-signing certificates with private keys were stolen. With these, attackers were able to sign malware with Bit9's code-signing certificate. The signed malware was used to bypass Bit9 protection on the client.
  • In May 2019. Advanced Inteligence LLC claimed that Fxmsp - a threat actor they've been monitoring for some time - compromised four antivirus companies including Symantec, Trend Micro, and McAfee. Fxmsp was said to sell access to the source code and internal networks on the darknet. Advanced Intelligence LLC was registered right before the announcement in Delaware.
    • In May 2019, Based on Symantec's statement, Advanced Intelligence retracted from their claim that Symantec was affected. Trend Micro acknowledged the breach of "a single testing lab network".
    • In June 2019, Advanced Intelligence claimed further breaches, including Comodo.
  • Moshen Dragon abuses multiple AV executables for DLL sideloading to hide itself. While this is not considered a vulnerability in the affected AV software, Trend Micro deployed some countermeasures.

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