feat: emit event to handle chunk load errors

[danielroe]

Description

resolves #12080

This PR emits a vite:preloadError event which can be handled by a framework or user. Primarily this will be useful for saving state and reloading an app in the event of a fresh deployment.

Additional context

If preventDefault() is called on this event, the error will not be thrown. I confess I'm not entirely sure whether this is a good idea, but it provides an escape hatch that may be useful.

---

What is the purpose of this pull request?

• Bug fix
• New Feature
• Documentation update
• Other

Before submitting the PR, please make sure you do the following

• Read the Contributing Guidelines.
• Read the Pull Request Guidelines and follow the PR Title Convention.
• Check that there isn't already a PR that solves the problem the same way to avoid creating a duplicate.
• Provide a description in this PR that addresses what the PR is solving, or reference the issue that it solves (e.g. fixes #123).
• Ideally, include relevant tests that fail without this PR but pass with it.

[patak-dev]

It seems we missed this one. I'll add it for discussion in the next team meeting so we can include it in Vite 4.4

[KaelWD]

When is the next team meeting?

[patak-dev]

@KaelWD in two days. We'll see to resolve the PR async if we don't manage to get to this PR in the meeting. I'll add it to the 4.4 milestone.

[patak-dev]

You need to call preventDefault() on the event. Please avoid commenting on old PRs. You can create a Discussion instead for these questions (linking to a PR if you'd like)