feat(preview): improve error when build output missing

[bluwy]

Description

Re-introduce the feature from #10564 that was previously reverted as it broke preview servers that uses configurePreviewServer, even if there's missing build output.

This PR is the same as #10564, except it only errors if no plugins implement configurePreviewServer and if it runs through Vite's CLI. This should help new users who start a simple Vite project.

Additional context

I noticed they are consistently issues time-to-time regarding this behaviour, and maybe it's good to implement a simple one for now.

Extra context: #11579 (comment)

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What is the purpose of this pull request?

• Bug fix
• New Feature
• Documentation update
• Other

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• Read the Contributing Guidelines.
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• Ideally, include relevant tests that fail without this PR but pass with it.

[faga295]

LGTM~