refactor(esbuild)!: remove esbuild 0.17 -> 0.18 compat

[bluwy]

Description

Removed esbuild 0.17 to 0.18 compat code we added in Vite 4. I only saw this comment that we should remove this in Vite 5 just now 😬

1. experimentalDecorators needs to be enabled if used
   • fix(optimizer): enable experimentalDecorators by default #13981
   • fix(esbuild): enable experimentalDecorators by default #13805
   • feat!: update esbuild to 0.18.2 #13525
2. Removed special supported handling for useDefineForClassFields. I figured it's better to document what's happening and how they can fix it. I initially thought we could respect esbuild.compilerOptions.target and override esbuild.target if set, but I don't think it's worth breaking that now, nor a good default. This is also esbuild's behaviour.
   • fix(esbuild): fix static properties transpile when useDefineForClassFields false #13992

I added some documentation to explain what's going on.

Additional context

---

What is the purpose of this pull request?

• Bug fix
• New Feature
• Documentation update
• Other

Before submitting the PR, please make sure you do the following

• Read the Contributing Guidelines.
• Read the Pull Request Guidelines and follow the PR Title Convention.
• Check that there isn't already a PR that solves the problem the same way to avoid creating a duplicate.
• Provide a description in this PR that addresses what the PR is solving, or reference the issue that it solves (e.g. fixes #123).
• Ideally, include relevant tests that fail without this PR but pass with it.

[stackblitz]

Run & review this pull request in StackBlitz Codeflow.

[sapphi-red]

Vite 5 uses esbuild 0.19 (#14430). So I think we need to say it like "we removed the compat layer".

[bluwy]

Ah yeah we should mention it's 0.19 now. I point out as 0.18 as the main compat layer was for 0.18. 0.19 was not much breaking I believe. I can update it before merging.

[sapphi-red]

The migration guide can be tweaked later so I think it's fine to merge it to test out the changes.

[patak-dev]

/ecosystem-ci run

[vite-ecosystem-ci]

📝 Ran ecosystem CI on 5f6b754: Open

suite	result	latest scheduled
analogjs	✅ success	✅ success
astro	✅ success	✅ success
histoire	✅ success	✅ success
ladle	✅ success	✅ success
laravel	❌ failure	❌ failure
marko	❌ failure	❌ failure
nuxt	❌ failure	❌ failure
nx	❌ failure	❌ failure
previewjs	❌ failure	❌ failure
qwik	✅ success	✅ success
rakkas	✅ success	✅ success
sveltekit	❌ failure	❌ failure
unocss	✅ success	✅ success
vike	✅ success	✅ success
vite-plugin-pwa	✅ success	✅ success
vite-plugin-react	✅ success	✅ success
vite-plugin-react-pages	✅ success	✅ success
vite-plugin-react-swc	❌ failure	✅ success
vite-plugin-svelte	✅ success	✅ success
vite-plugin-vue	✅ success	✅ success
vite-setup-catalogue	✅ success	✅ success
vitepress	✅ success	✅ success
vitest	❌ failure	❌ failure