Preserve defaultValue literals

Fixes graphql#3051

This change solves the problem of default values defined via SDL not always resolving correctly through introspection by preserving the original GraphQL literal in the schema definition. This changes argument and input field definitions `defaultValue` field from just the "value" to a new `GraphQLDefaultValueUsage` type which contains either or both "value" and "literal" fields.

Since either of these fields may be set, new functions for resolving a value or literal from either have been added - `getLiteralDefaultValue` and `getCoercedDefaultValue` - these replace uses that either assumed a set value or were manually converting a value back to a literal.

Here is the flow for how a default value defined in an SDL would be converted into a functional schema and back to an SDL:

**Before this change:**

```
(SDL) --parse-> (AST) --coerceInputLiteral--> (defaultValue config) --valueToAST--> (AST) --print --> (SDL)
```

`coerceInputLiteral` performs coercion which is a one-way function, and `valueToAST` is unsafe and set to be deprecated in graphql#3049.

**After this change:**

```
(SDL) --parse-> (defaultValue literal config) --print --> (SDL)
```

src/execution/values.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import type { GraphQLDirective } from '../type/directives.js';
 import type { GraphQLSchema } from '../type/schema.js';
 
 import {
+  coerceDefaultValue,
   coerceInputLiteral,
   coerceInputValue,
 } from '../utilities/coerceInputValue.js';
@@ -169,8 +170,11 @@ export function getArgumentValues(
     const argumentNode = argNodeMap.get(name);
 
     if (argumentNode == null) {
-      if (argDef.defaultValue !== undefined) {
-        coercedValues[name] = argDef.defaultValue;
+      if (argDef.defaultValue) {
+        coercedValues[name] = coerceDefaultValue(
+          argDef.defaultValue,
+          argDef.type,
+        );
       } else if (isNonNullType(argType)) {
         throw new GraphQLError(
           `Argument ${argDef} of required type ${argType} was not provided.`,
@@ -189,8 +193,11 @@ export function getArgumentValues(
         variableValues == null ||
         !Object.hasOwn(variableValues, variableName)
       ) {
-        if (argDef.defaultValue !== undefined) {
-          coercedValues[name] = argDef.defaultValue;
+        if (argDef.defaultValue) {
+          coercedValues[name] = coerceDefaultValue(
+            argDef.defaultValue,
+            argDef.type,
+          );
         } else if (isNonNullType(argType)) {
           throw new GraphQLError(
             `Argument ${argDef} of required type ${argType} ` +

src/index.ts

@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ export type {
   GraphQLScalarSerializer,
   GraphQLScalarValueParser,
   GraphQLScalarLiteralParser,
+  GraphQLDefaultValueUsage,
 } from './type/index.js';
 
 // Parse and operate on GraphQL language source files.

src/type/__tests__/definition-test.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { describe, it } from 'mocha';
 import { identityFunc } from '../../jsutils/identityFunc.js';
 import { inspect } from '../../jsutils/inspect.js';
 
+import { Kind } from '../../language/kinds.js';
 import { parseValue } from '../../language/parser.js';
 
 import type { GraphQLNullableType, GraphQLType } from '../definition.js';
@@ -589,6 +590,65 @@ describe('Type System: Input Objects', () => {
       'not used anymore',
     );
   });
+
+  describe('Input Object fields may have default values', () => {
+    it('accepts an Input Object type with a default value', () => {
+      const inputObjType = new GraphQLInputObjectType({
+        name: 'SomeInputObject',
+        fields: {
+          f: { type: ScalarType, defaultValue: 3 },
+        },
+      });
+      expect(inputObjType.getFields().f).to.deep.include({
+        coordinate: 'SomeInputObject.f',
+        name: 'f',
+        description: undefined,
+        type: ScalarType,
+        defaultValue: { value: 3 },
+        deprecationReason: undefined,
+        extensions: {},
+        astNode: undefined,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('accepts an Input Object type with a default value literal', () => {
+      const inputObjType = new GraphQLInputObjectType({
+        name: 'SomeInputObject',
+        fields: {
+          f: {
+            type: ScalarType,
+            defaultValueLiteral: { kind: Kind.INT, value: '3' },
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      expect(inputObjType.getFields().f).to.deep.include({
+        coordinate: 'SomeInputObject.f',
+        name: 'f',
+        description: undefined,
+        type: ScalarType,
+        defaultValue: { literal: { kind: 'IntValue', value: '3' } },
+        deprecationReason: undefined,
+        extensions: {},
+        astNode: undefined,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('rejects an Input Object type with potentially conflicting default values', () => {
+      const inputObjType = new GraphQLInputObjectType({
+        name: 'SomeInputObject',
+        fields: {
+          f: {
+            type: ScalarType,
+            defaultValue: 3,
+            defaultValueLiteral: { kind: Kind.INT, value: '3' },
+          },
+        },
+      });
+      expect(() => inputObjType.getFields()).to.throw(
+        'f has both a defaultValue and a defaultValueLiteral property, but only one must be provided.',
+      );
+    });
+  });
 });
 
 describe('Type System: List', () => {

src/type/definition.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import { toObjMap } from '../jsutils/toObjMap.js';
 import { GraphQLError } from '../error/GraphQLError.js';
 
 import type {
+  ConstValueNode,
   EnumTypeDefinitionNode,
   EnumTypeExtensionNode,
   EnumValueDefinitionNode,
@@ -906,6 +907,7 @@ export interface GraphQLArgumentConfig {
   description?: Maybe<string>;
   type: GraphQLInputType;
   defaultValue?: unknown;
+  defaultValueLiteral?: ConstValueNode | undefined;
   deprecationReason?: Maybe<string>;
   extensions?: Maybe<Readonly<GraphQLArgumentExtensions>>;
   astNode?: Maybe<InputValueDefinitionNode>;
@@ -982,7 +984,7 @@ export class GraphQLArgument extends GraphQLSchemaElement {
   name: string;
   description: Maybe<string>;
   type: GraphQLInputType;
-  defaultValue: unknown;
+  defaultValue: GraphQLDefaultValueUsage | undefined;
   deprecationReason: Maybe<string>;
   extensions: Readonly<GraphQLArgumentExtensions>;
   astNode: Maybe<InputValueDefinitionNode>;
@@ -997,7 +999,7 @@ export class GraphQLArgument extends GraphQLSchemaElement {
     this.name = assertName(name);
     this.description = config.description;
     this.type = config.type;
-    this.defaultValue = config.defaultValue;
+    this.defaultValue = defineDefaultValue(coordinate, config);
     this.deprecationReason = config.deprecationReason;
     this.extensions = toObjMap(config.extensions);
     this.astNode = config.astNode;
@@ -1011,7 +1013,8 @@ export class GraphQLArgument extends GraphQLSchemaElement {
     return {
       description: this.description,
       type: this.type,
-      defaultValue: this.defaultValue,
+      defaultValue: this.defaultValue?.value,
+      defaultValueLiteral: this.defaultValue?.literal,
       deprecationReason: this.deprecationReason,
       extensions: this.extensions,
       astNode: this.astNode,
@@ -1027,6 +1030,26 @@ export type GraphQLFieldMap<TSource, TContext> = ObjMap<
   GraphQLField<TSource, TContext>
 >;
 
+export type GraphQLDefaultValueUsage =
+  | { value: unknown; literal?: never }
+  | { literal: ConstValueNode; value?: never };
+
+function defineDefaultValue(
+  coordinate: string,
+  config: GraphQLArgumentConfig | GraphQLInputFieldConfig,
+): GraphQLDefaultValueUsage | undefined {
+  if (config.defaultValue === undefined && !config.defaultValueLiteral) {
+    return;
+  }
+  devAssert(
+    !(config.defaultValue !== undefined && config.defaultValueLiteral),
+    `${coordinate} has both a defaultValue and a defaultValueLiteral property, but only one must be provided.`,
+  );
+  return config.defaultValueLiteral
+    ? { literal: config.defaultValueLiteral }
+    : { value: config.defaultValue };
+}
+
 /**
  * Custom extensions
  *
@@ -1616,6 +1639,7 @@ export interface GraphQLInputFieldConfig {
   description?: Maybe<string>;
   type: GraphQLInputType;
   defaultValue?: unknown;
+  defaultValueLiteral?: ConstValueNode | undefined;
   deprecationReason?: Maybe<string>;
   extensions?: Maybe<Readonly<GraphQLInputFieldExtensions>>;
   astNode?: Maybe<InputValueDefinitionNode>;
@@ -1627,7 +1651,7 @@ export class GraphQLInputField extends GraphQLSchemaElement {
   name: string;
   description: Maybe<string>;
   type: GraphQLInputType;
-  defaultValue: unknown;
+  defaultValue: GraphQLDefaultValueUsage | undefined;
   deprecationReason: Maybe<string>;
   extensions: Readonly<GraphQLInputFieldExtensions>;
   astNode: Maybe<InputValueDefinitionNode>;
@@ -1648,7 +1672,7 @@ export class GraphQLInputField extends GraphQLSchemaElement {
     this.name = assertName(name);
     this.description = config.description;
     this.type = config.type;
-    this.defaultValue = config.defaultValue;
+    this.defaultValue = defineDefaultValue(coordinate, config);
     this.deprecationReason = config.deprecationReason;
     this.extensions = toObjMap(config.extensions);
     this.astNode = config.astNode;
@@ -1662,7 +1686,8 @@ export class GraphQLInputField extends GraphQLSchemaElement {
     return {
       description: this.description,
       type: this.type,
-      defaultValue: this.defaultValue,
+      defaultValue: this.defaultValue?.value,
+      defaultValueLiteral: this.defaultValue?.literal,
       deprecationReason: this.deprecationReason,
       extensions: this.extensions,
       astNode: this.astNode,

src/type/index.ts

@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ export type {
   GraphQLScalarSerializer,
   GraphQLScalarValueParser,
   GraphQLScalarLiteralParser,
+  GraphQLDefaultValueUsage,
 } from './definition.js';
 
 export {

src/type/introspection.ts

@@ -395,8 +395,13 @@ export const __InputValue: GraphQLObjectType = new GraphQLObjectType({
           'A GraphQL-formatted string representing the default value for this input value.',
         resolve(inputValue) {
           const { type, defaultValue } = inputValue;
-          const valueAST = astFromValue(defaultValue, type);
-          return valueAST ? print(valueAST) : null;
+          if (!defaultValue) {
+            return null;
+          }
+          const literal =
+            defaultValue.literal ?? astFromValue(defaultValue.value, type);
+          invariant(literal != null, 'Invalid default value');
+          return print(literal);
         },
       },
       isDeprecated: {

src/utilities/TypeInfo.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { getEnterLeaveForKind } from '../language/visitor.js';
 import type {
   GraphQLArgument,
   GraphQLCompositeType,
+  GraphQLDefaultValueUsage,
   GraphQLEnumValue,
   GraphQLField,
   GraphQLInputField,
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ export class TypeInfo {
   private _parentTypeStack: Array<Maybe<GraphQLCompositeType>>;
   private _inputTypeStack: Array<Maybe<GraphQLInputType>>;
   private _fieldDefStack: Array<Maybe<GraphQLField<unknown, unknown>>>;
-  private _defaultValueStack: Array<Maybe<unknown>>;
+  private _defaultValueStack: Array<GraphQLDefaultValueUsage | undefined>;
   private _directive: Maybe<GraphQLDirective>;
   private _argument: Maybe<GraphQLArgument>;
   private _enumValue: Maybe<GraphQLEnumValue>;
@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ export class TypeInfo {
     return this._fieldDefStack.at(-1);
   }
 
-  getDefaultValue(): Maybe<unknown> {
+  getDefaultValue(): GraphQLDefaultValueUsage | undefined {
     return this._defaultValueStack.at(-1);
   }
 

src/utilities/__tests__/buildClientSchema-test.ts

@@ -445,6 +445,7 @@ describe('Type System: build schema from introspection', () => {
       }
 
       type Query {
+        defaultID(intArg: ID = "123"): String
         defaultInt(intArg: Int = 30): String
         defaultList(listArg: [Int] = [1, 2, 3]): String
         defaultObject(objArg: Geo = { lat: 37.485, lon: -122.148 }): String
@@ -600,6 +601,28 @@ describe('Type System: build schema from introspection', () => {
     expect(result.data).to.deep.equal({ foo: 'bar' });
   });
 
+  it('can use client schema for execution if resolvers are added', () => {
+    const schema = buildSchema(`
+      type Query {
+        foo(bar: String = "abc"): String
+      }
+    `);
+
+    const introspection = introspectionFromSchema(schema);
+    const clientSchema = buildClientSchema(introspection);
+
+    const QueryType: GraphQLObjectType = clientSchema.getType('Query') as any;
+    QueryType.getFields().foo.resolve = (_value, args) => args.bar;
+
+    const result = graphqlSync({
+      schema: clientSchema,
+      source: '{ foo }',
+    });
+
+    expect(result.data).to.deep.equal({ foo: 'abc' });
+    expect(result.data).to.deep.equal({ foo: 'abc' });
+  });
+
   it('can build invalid schema', () => {
     const schema = buildSchema('type Query', { assumeValid: true });
 

src/utilities/__tests__/coerceInputValue-test.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { identityFunc } from '../../jsutils/identityFunc.js';
 import { invariant } from '../../jsutils/invariant.js';
 import type { ObjMap } from '../../jsutils/ObjMap.js';
 
+import { Kind } from '../../language/kinds.js';
 import { parseValue } from '../../language/parser.js';
 import { print } from '../../language/printer.js';
 
@@ -24,7 +25,11 @@ import {
   GraphQLString,
 } from '../../type/scalars.js';
 
-import { coerceInputLiteral, coerceInputValue } from '../coerceInputValue.js';
+import {
+  coerceDefaultValue,
+  coerceInputLiteral,
+  coerceInputValue,
+} from '../coerceInputValue.js';
 
 interface CoerceResult {
   value: unknown;
@@ -610,10 +615,14 @@ describe('coerceInputLiteral', () => {
       name: 'TestInput',
       fields: {
         int: { type: GraphQLInt, defaultValue: 42 },
+        float: {
+          type: GraphQLFloat,
+          defaultValueLiteral: { kind: Kind.FLOAT, value: '3.14' },
+        },
       },
     });
 
-    test('{}', type, { int: 42 });
+    test('{}', type, { int: 42, float: 3.14 });
   });
 
   const testInputObj = new GraphQLInputObjectType({
@@ -681,3 +690,26 @@ describe('coerceInputLiteral', () => {
     });
   });
 });
+
+describe('coerceDefaultValue', () => {
+  it('memoizes coercion', () => {
+    const parseValueCalls: any = [];
+
+    const spyScalar = new GraphQLScalarType({
+      name: 'SpyScalar',
+      parseValue(value) {
+        parseValueCalls.push(value);
+        return value;
+      },
+    });
+
+    const defaultValueUsage = {
+      literal: { kind: Kind.STRING, value: 'hello' },
+    } as const;
+    expect(coerceDefaultValue(defaultValueUsage, spyScalar)).to.equal('hello');
+
+    // Call a second time
+    expect(coerceDefaultValue(defaultValueUsage, spyScalar)).to.equal('hello');
+    expect(parseValueCalls).to.deep.equal(['hello']);
+  });
+});